Permafrost viremia and immune tweening.

The immune system, an exquisitely regulated physiological system, utilizes a wide spectrum of soluble factors and multiple cell populations and subpopulations at diverse states of maturation to monitor and protect the organism against foreign organisms. Immune surveillance is ensured by distinguishing self-antigens from self-associated with non-self (e.g.

Permafrost Immunity.

Thawing permafrost is a serious and worrisome threat to the environment, because it releases trapped heavy metals and greenhouse gasses. Thawing permafrost is also a health threat because, in addition to releasing these noxious gasses, thawing permafrost may free novel and undiscovered antibiotic-resistant bacteria, viruses, fungi and parasites among a plethora of dormant pathogens. Our immune system is ill-prepared to counter these challenges, and will require significant adaptation, or allostasis, which can be subsumed under the generic term of permafrost immunity.

Toward a fractalomic idiotype/anti-idiotypic paradigm.

The CoViD-19 pandemic has demonstrated the need for future developments in anti-viral immunology. We propose that artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning, and in particular fractal analysis could play a crucial role in that context. Fractals - never-ending repeats of self-similar shapes whose composite tend to resemble the whole - are found in most natural biological structures including immunoglobulin and antigenic epitopes.