Publications by authors named "Jade King"

Unlabelled: The distal bronchioles in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis (IPF) exhibit histopathological abnormalities such as bronchiolization, peribronchiolar fibrosis and honeycomb cysts that contribute to the overall architectural remodeling of lung tissue seen in the disease. Here we describe an additional histopathologic finding of epithelial desquamation in patients with IPF, wherein epithelial cells detach from the basement membrane of the distal bronchioles. To understand the mechanism driving this pathology, we performed spatial transcriptomics of the epithelial cells and spatial proteomics of the basement membrane of the distal bronchioles from IPF patients and patients with no prior history of lung disease.

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Article Synopsis
  • Lower Respiratory Tract Infections (LRTI) are particularly risky for older adults, who often show atypical symptoms that can lead to underdiagnosis compared to younger patients.
  • A study conducted in Bristol, UK, found that older adults (≥65 years) were significantly less likely to meet standard symptom-based case definitions for LRTI, even when confirmed cases were present.
  • The symptom profiles for older patients often lacked common indicators like fever and cough, suggesting that current screening protocols may not effectively identify LRTI in older and more vulnerable individuals.
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Protein-protein interactions (PPIs) are central to many cellular processes, and the identification of novel PPIs is a critical step in the discovery of protein therapeutics. Simple methods to identify naturally existing or laboratory evolved PPIs are therefore valuable research tools. We have developed a facile selection that links PPI-dependent β-lactamase recruitment on the surface of Escherichia coli with resistance to ampicillin.

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Article Synopsis
  • Pneumococcus is a significant cause of lower respiratory infections in adults, and research was conducted to understand its impact on pneumonia and other lung diseases since the emergence of SARS-CoV-2.
  • A study in two Bristol hospitals included over 10,000 patients with acute lower respiratory tract diseases, revealing that 11.5% had pneumococcal infections, with higher rates among older adults.
  • The study found that a substantial portion of pneumococcal cases were linked to vaccine serotypes, indicating the importance of vaccination in reducing respiratory infections in this population.
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  • The study assessed the relative vaccine effectiveness (rVE) of monovalent and bivalent COVID-19 boosters in older adults to understand their impact on hospitalization rates for COVID-19.
  • The analysis included a total of 864 participants (682 controls and 182 cases for spring-summer; 572 controls and 152 cases for autumn-winter) and controlled for various factors like age, sex, and health status.
  • Results showed that both the fourth and fifth doses had similar effectiveness, with monovalent and bivalent vaccines providing about 46.6% and 46.7% rVE, respectively, indicating strong support for ongoing vaccination programs.
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Despite significant global morbidity associated with respiratory infection, there is a paucity of data examining the association between severity of non-SARS-CoV-2 respiratory infection and blood group. We analysed a prospective cohort of adults hospitalised in Bristol, UK, from 1 August 2020 to 31 July 2022, including patients with acute respiratory infection (pneumonia [n = 1934] and non-pneumonic lower respiratory tract infection [NP-LRTI] [n = 1184]), a negative SARS-CoV-2 test and known blood group status. The likelihood of cardiovascular complication, survival and hospital admission length was assessed using regression models with group O and RhD-negative status as reference groups.

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Background: Primary adrenal insufficiency (PAI) mortality and morbidity remain unacceptably high, possibly arising as glucocorticoid replacement does not replicate natural physiology. A pulsatile subcutaneous pump can closely replicate cortisol's circadian and ultradian rhythm.

Objectives: To assess the effect of pump therapy on quality of life, mood, functional neuroimaging, behavioural/cognitive responses, sleep and metabolism.

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Objectives: To determine whether acute exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (AECOPD) triggered by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), have worse outcomes than AECOPD caused by other infectious agents or non-infective AECOPD (NI-COPD).

Design: A two-hospital prospective cohort study of adults hospitalised with acute respiratory disease. We compared outcomes with AECOPD and a positive test for SARS-CoV-2 (n = 816), AECOPD triggered by other infections (n = 3038) and NI-COPD (n = 994).

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Background: There is an urgent public health need to evaluate disease severity in adults hospitalised with Delta and Omicron SARS-CoV-2 variant infections. However, limited data exist assessing severity of disease in adults hospitalised with Omicron SARS-CoV-2 infections, and to what extent patient-factors, including vaccination, age, frailty and pre-existing disease, affect variant-dependent disease severity.

Methods: A prospective cohort study of adults (≥18 years of age) hospitalised with acute lower respiratory tract disease at acute care hospitals in Bristol, UK conducted over 10-months.

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Article Synopsis
  • A study evaluated the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine in reducing severity of COVID-19, focusing on hospitalisation and related health outcomes in adults during the Delta and Omicron periods.
  • In total, 935 controls and 546 COVID-19 cases were analyzed, revealing varying vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation and other serious health indicators, with differences noted between the Delta and Omicron variants.
  • The findings suggest that BNT162b2 significantly lowers the risk of severe illness from COVID-19, particularly in older adults, highlighting its importance in high-risk groups.
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Background: The emergence of COVID-19 and public health measures implemented to reduce SARS-CoV-2 infections have both affected acute lower respiratory tract disease (aLRTD) epidemiology and incidence trends. The severity of COVID-19 and non-SARS-CoV-2 aLRTD during this period have not been compared in detail.

Methods: We conducted a prospective cohort study of adults age ≥18 years admitted to either of two acute care hospitals in Bristol, UK, from August 2020 to November 2021.

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Background: On Dec 8, 2020, deployment of the first SARS-CoV-2 vaccination authorised for UK use (BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine) began, followed by an adenoviral vector vaccine ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 on Jan 4, 2021. Care home residents and staff, frontline health-care workers, and adults aged 80 years and older were vaccinated first. However, few data exist regarding the effectiveness of these vaccines in older people with many comorbidities.

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