The risk of dementia with the use of 5 alpha reductase inhibitors.

Introduction: There has been considerable interest in the interplay between testosterone and cognition. Dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which has been correlated with cognitive function, is significantly reduced with the use of 5 alpha reductase inhibitors (5ARI) for prostatic enlargement. Our objective was to assess whether the use of 5ARIs was associated with an increased risk of incident dementia.

Kidney Disease Among Registered Métis Citizens of Ontario: A Population-Based Cohort Study.

Background: Indigenous peoples in Canada have higher rates of kidney disease than non-Indigenous Canadians. However, little is known about the risk of kidney disease specifically in the Métis population in Canada.

Objective: To compare the prevalence of chronic kidney disease and incidence of acute kidney injury and end-stage kidney disease among registered Métis citizens in Ontario and a matched sample from the general Ontario population.

Increasing the Rate of Living Donor Kidney Transplantation in Ontario: Donor- and Recipient-Identified Barriers and Solutions.

Purpose Of Review: To hear from living kidney donors and recipients about what they perceive are the barriers to living donor kidney transplantation, and how patients can develop and lead innovative solutions to increase the rate and enhance the experiences of living donor kidney transplantation in Ontario.

Sources Of Information: A one-day patient-led workshop on March 10th, 2016 in Toronto, Ontario.

Methods: Participants who were previously engaged in priority-setting exercises were invited to the meeting by patient lead, Sue McKenzie.

Antihypertensive medications and the risk of kidney stones in older adults: a retrospective cohort study.

Antihypertensives are widely prescribed and could influence kidney stone risk by altering urinary calcium excretion. However, the impact of different classes of antihypertensives on kidney stone risk is unknown. To assess this impact, we conducted a retrospective, population-based cohort study using linked health administrative databases.

Patterns and Predictors of Screening for Breast and Cervical Cancer in Women with CKD.

Background And Objectives: Breast and cervical cancers are prevalent in women with CKD, but it is uncertain how often screening for these cancers should be undertaken given concerns that the benefits of screening may be fewer and the harms greater in women with CKD than in the general population. We examined patterns of breast and cervical cancer screening in women on the basis of CKD stage and age and assessed predictors of screening.

Design, Setting, Participants, & Measurements: We conducted two population-based cohort studies (breast and cervical cancer screening) from 2002 to 2013 using linked administrative health care data from Ontario, Canada.

The risk of fall and fracture with the initiation of a prostate-selective α antagonist: a population based cohort study.

Study Question: Do men starting treatment with prostate-specific α antagonists have increased risk of fall and fracture?

Methods: Administrative datasets from the province of Ontario, Canada, that contain patient level data were used to generate a cohort of 147,084 men aged ≥ 66 years who filled their first outpatient prescription for prostate-specific α antagonists tamsulosin, alfuzosin, or silodosin between June 2003 and December 2013 (exposed men) plus an equal sized cohort matched 1:1 (using a propensity score model) who did not initiate α antagonist therapy. The primary outcome was a hospital emergency room visit or inpatient admission for a fall or fracture in the 90 days after exposure.

Study Answer And Limitations: The men exposed to prostate-specific α antagonist had significantly increased risks of falling (odds ratio 1.