Unveiling marine plastic degraders through DNA-stable isotope probing.

Plastic biodegradation in natural environments is performed by the microbial biofilm living on its surface. This study identifies for the first time plastic degraders in marine environment, by using stable isotope tracers. Polyhydroxybutyrate (PHB) biodegradation was proved by monitoring microbial cell growth (via scanning electron microscopy and flow cytometry) and activities (via continuous oxygen consumption measurements and H-leucine incorporation for protein synthesis) during 90 days.

Microplastics and nanoplastics detection using flow cytometry: Challenges and methodological advances with fluorescent dye application.

Flow cytometry (FC) enables the precise quantification of specific types of microparticles and larger nanoparticles (>200 nm) in liquid media. Initially developed for biological applications, this technique has recently been adapted to the environmental field for the measurement of microplastics and nanoplastics (MNPs). Nile Red, a fluorochrome extensively used in MNP analysis due to its effectiveness and accessibility, has been applied to significantly enhance the sensitivity and specificity of MNP detection of this technique.

Deciphering the mechanisms involved in reduced sensitivity to azoles and fengycin lipopeptide in Venturia inaequalis.

Apple scab, caused by the hemibiotrophic fungus Venturia inaequalis, is currently the most common and damaging disease in apple orchards. Two strains of V. inaequalis (S755 and Rs552) with different sensitivities to azole fungicides and the bacterial metabolite fengycin were compared to determine the mechanisms responsible for these differences.

Niche partitioning and plastisphere core microbiomes in the two most plastic polluted zones of the world ocean.

Plastics are offering a new niche for microorganisms colonizing their surface, the so-called "plastisphere," in which diversity and community structure remain to be characterized and compared across ocean pelagic regions. Here, we compared the bacterial diversity of microorganisms living on plastic marine debris (PMD) and the surrounding free-living (FL) and organic particle-attached (PA) lifestyles sampled during the Tara expeditions in two of the most plastic polluted zones in the world ocean, i.e.

Bioplastic degradation and assimilation processes by a novel bacterium isolated from the marine plastisphere.

Biosourced and biodegradable plastics offer a promising solution to reduce environmental impacts of plastics for specific applications. Here, we report a novel bacterium named Alteromonas plasticoclasticus MED1 isolated from the marine plastisphere that forms biofilms on foils of poly(3-hydroxybutyrate-co-3-hydroxyvalerate) (PHBV). Experiments of degradation halo, plastic matrix weight loss, bacterial oxygen consumption and heterotrophic biosynthetic activity showed that the bacterial isolate MED1 is able to degrade PHBV and to use it as carbon and energy source.

p4EBP1 staining predicts outcome in ER-positive endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancer patients treated with everolimus and exemestane.

Background: To identify patients most likely to respond to everolimus, a mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) inhibitor, a prospective biomarker study was conducted in hormone receptor-positive endocrine-resistant metastatic breast cancer patients treated with exemestane-everolimus therapy.

Methods: Metastatic tumor biopsies were processed for immunohistochemical staining (p4EBP1, PTEN, pAKT, LKB1, and pS6K). ESR1, PIK3CA and AKT1 gene mutations were detected by NGS.

Antifungal Activity of Hop Leaf Extracts and Xanthohumol on Two Strains of with Different Sensitivities to Triazoles.

Hop cones are well-known for their antimicrobial properties, attributed to their specialized metabolites. Thus, this study aimed to determine the in vitro antifungal activity of different hop parts, including by-products such as leaves and stems, and some metabolites against , the causal agent of apple scab. For each plant part, two types of extracts, a crude hydro-ethanolic extract and a dichloromethane sub-extract, were tested on spore germination of two strains with different sensitivities to triazole fungicides.

Impacts of microplastics and the associated plastisphere on physiological, biochemical, genetic expression and gut microbiota of the filter-feeder amphioxus.

Oceanic plastic pollution is of major concern to marine organisms, especially filter feeders. However, limited is known about the toxic effects of the weathered microplastics instead of the pristine ones. This study evaluates the effects of weathered polystyrene microplastic on a filter-feeder amphioxus under starvation conditions via its exposure to the microplastics previously deployed in the natural seawater allowing for the development of a mature biofilm (so-called plastisphere).

CHEOPS trial: a GINECO group randomized phase II assessing addition of a non-steroidal aromatase inhibitor to oral vinorelbine in pre-treated metastatic breast cancer patients.

Background: The objective of the CHEOPS trial was to assess the benefit of adding aromatase inhibitor (AI) to metronomic chemotherapy, oral vinorelbine, 50 mg, three times a week for pre-treated, HR + /HER2- metastatic breast cancer patients.

Methods: In this multicentric phase II study, patients had to have progressed on AI and one or two lines of chemotherapy. They were randomized between oral vinorelbine (Arm A) and oral vinorelbine with non-steroidal AI (Arm B).

Combined LC-MS/MS and Molecular Networking Approach Reveals Antioxidant and Antimicrobial Compounds from Bark.

Erismadelphus exsul Mildbr bark is widely used in Gabonese folk medicine. However, little is known about the active compounds associated with its biological activities. In the present study, phytochemical profiling of the ethanolic extract of Erismadelphus exsul was performed using a de-replication strategy by coupling HPLC-ESI-Q/TOF with a molecular network approach.

Everolimus Added to Adjuvant Endocrine Therapy in Patients With High-Risk Hormone Receptor-Positive, Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2-Negative Primary Breast Cancer.

Purpose: Everolimus, an oral inhibitor of the mammalian target of rapamycin, improves progression-free survival in combination with endocrine therapy (ET) in postmenopausal women with aromatase inhibitor-resistant metastatic breast cancer. However, the benefit of adding everolimus to ET in the adjuvant setting in early breast cancer is unknown.

Patients And Methods: In this randomized double-blind phase III study, women with high-risk, hormone receptor-positive, human epidermal growth factor receptor 2-negative primary breast cancer were randomly assigned to everolimus or placebo for 2 years combined with standard ET.

Microbial Diversity and Activity During the Biodegradation in Seawater of Various Substitutes to Conventional Plastic Cotton Swab Sticks.

The European Parliament recently approved a new law banning single-use plastic items for 2021 such as plastic plates, cutlery, straws, cotton swabs, and balloon sticks. Transition to a bioeconomy involves the substitution of these banned products with biodegradable materials. Several materials such as polylactic acid (PLA), polybutylene adipate terephthalate (PBAT), poly(butylene succinate) (PBS), polyhydroxybutyrate-valerate (PHBV), Bioplast, and Mater-Bi could be good candidates to substitute cotton swabs, but their biodegradability needs to be tested under marine conditions.

Effectiveness of a nurse-led telephone follow-up in the therapeutic management of patients receiving oral antineoplastic agents: a randomized, multicenter controlled trial (ETICCO study).

Purpose: The use of oral cancer drugs (OAD) has increased over the last two decades. The objective of this study was to measure the impact of a nurse-led telephone follow-up in the therapeutic management of patients treated with an OAD regarding toxicity, medication adherence and quality of life.

Methods: A randomized, multicenter, controlled trial was conducted.

Analysis of the StoRM cohort reveals physical activity to be associated with survival in metastatic breast cancer.

Benefits of physical activity are widely demonstrated for early stage cancers but few studies have focused on metastatic disease. The purpose of this study was to determine the impact of physical activity on survival in patients with metastatic breast cancer. We conducted a secondary analysis of the national, multicentric, non-randomized, prospective cohort SNPs to Risk of Metastasis (StoRM) study.

Decision of adjuvant chemotherapy in intermediate risk luminal breast cancer patients: A prospective multicenter trial assessing the clinical and psychological impact of EndoPredict® (EpClin) use (UCBG 2-14).

Purpose: Genomic tests can identify ER-positive HER2-negative localized breast cancer patients who may not benefit from adjuvant chemotherapy. Such tests seem especially interesting in "intermediate" clinico-pathological risk categories. The psychological impact of the decision uncertainty in these women remains largely unexplored.

Antifungal Activities of Lipopeptides to Two Strains Possessing Different Tebuconazole Sensitivity.

Within the framework of biocontrol development, three natural substances produced by , called lipopeptides, have been studied: fengycin (F), surfactin (S), and mycosubtilin (M). Their antifungal properties were tested , in liquid medium, on two strains of , ascomycete fungi causing apple scab. These two strains were, respectively sensitive and less sensitive to tebuconazole, an active substance of the triazole family.

Safety profile of subcutaneous trastuzumab in patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer: The French HERmione non-interventional prospective study.

Objectives: HERmione study was conducted to assess, in human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2)-positive early breast cancer (eBC), the safety profile of subcutaneous (SC) formulation of trastuzumab in real-life in France.

Materials And Methods: This prospective, non-interventional study included 511 patients planned to be treated in both neoadjuvant and adjuvant settings with a follow-up of 12 months maximum in 101 sites. The safety analyses concerned 505 patients.

Actionable molecular alterations in advanced gynaecologic malignancies: updated results from the ProfiLER programme.

Objectives: The objectives of this study were to identify actionable genomic alterations in the gynaecological subpopulation of the ProfiLER programme and to report clinical efficacy of recommended targeted treatment (RTT).

Methods: The ProfiLER programme (NCT01774409) is a multicentric prospective trial aiming to implement molecular profiling in patients with advanced refractory cancers. In this programme, tumour DNA is analysed by targeted next-generation sequencing (69 genes) and by whole genome array comparative genomic hybridisation.

6 months versus 12 months of adjuvant trastuzumab in early breast cancer (PHARE): final analysis of a multicentre, open-label, phase 3 randomised trial.

Background: In 2013, the interim analysis of the Protocol for Herceptin as Adjuvant therapy with Reduced Exposure (PHARE) trial could not show that 6 months of adjuvant trastuzumab was non-inferior to 12 months. Here, we report the planned final analysis based on the prespecified number of occurring events.

Methods: PHARE is an open-label, phase 3, non-inferiority randomised trial of patients with HER2-positive early breast cancer comparing 6 months versus 12 months of trastuzumab treatment concomitant with or following standard neoadjuvant or adjuvant chemotherapy.

Microbial Ecotoxicology of Marine Plastic Debris: A Review on Colonization and Biodegradation by the "Plastisphere".

Over the last decades, it has become clear that plastic pollution presents a global societal and environmental challenge given its increasing presence in the oceans. A growing literature has focused on the microbial life growing on the surfaces of these pollutants called the "plastisphere," but the general concepts of microbial ecotoxicology have only rarely been integrated. Microbial ecotoxicology deals with (i) the impact of pollutants on microbial communities and inversely (ii) how much microbes can influence their biodegradation.

Advocacy for a New Oncology Research Paradigm: The Model of Bevacizumab in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer in a French Cohort Study.

Background: Triple-negative breast cancer remains a disease with poor prognosis and few treatment options, due to the lack of therapeutic targets. Bevacizumab, the first anti-VEGF agent approved in the treatment of cancer, has demonstrated efficacy in breast cancer in combination with paclitaxel for the first-line treatment of HER2-negative metastatic breast cancer. Despite the fact that the benefit was particularly significant for triple-negative breast cancer with its approval in 2008 by the FDA, this decision was later reversed as there was no improvement in overall survival in addition to significant costs.

Phenolic Compounds from as Natural Antimicrobial Products: New Weapons in the Fight against Methicillin Resistant , and Strains.

New anti-infective agents are urgently needed to fight microbial resistance. Methicillin-resistant (MRSA) strains are particularly responsible for complicated pathologies that are difficult to treat due to their virulence and the formation of persistent biofilms forming a complex protecting shell. Parasitic infections caused by and are also of global concern, because of the mortality due to the low number of safe and effective treatments.