Pellets enriched with healthy hay and quebracho are not sufficient to control gastrointestinal nematodes in meat sheep commercial flocks.

The emergence of AH multiresistant GIN compromises sustainability of grassland sheep farming worldwide. Plants rich in condensed tannins are an alternative method of parasitism management that is currently being explored. Feed supplementation trials with pellets rich in sainfoin () and quebracho ( spp.

Lack of Efficacy of Albendazole against Infection in a Sheep Farm in France.

Dicrocoeliosis is a common parasitic disease in European sheep farming. The prevalence of infection by this parasite can reach almost 70% in areas where the environment is favorable to intermediate hosts. In France, only one drug is currently available for the treatment of dicrocoeliosis: albendazole at a dose of 15 mg/kg in a single administration.

First report of eprinomectin-resistant isolates of in 5 dairy sheep farms from the in France.

Infection of sheep by gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) in pastoral systems such as those found in the South Western area of France, the , is one of the main reasons for economic loss and degradation of their welfare. In the present study, the efficacy of eprinomectin (EPN) was monitored on farms from this area following suspicion of lack of anthelmintic efficacy. Suspicions were raised by veterinarians, based on clinical signs ranging from milk and body condition loss, to anaemia, and mortality.

The cost of host genetic resistance on body condition: Evidence from divergently selected sheep.

Trade-offs between host resistance to parasites and host growth or reproduction can occur due to allocation of limited available resources between competing demands. To predict potential trade-offs arising from genetic selection for host resistance, a better understanding of the associated nutritional costs is required. Here, we studied resistance costs by using sheep from lines divergently selected on their resistance to a common blood-feeding gastro-intestinal parasite ().

Generalist nematodes dominate the nemabiome of roe deer in sympatry with sheep at a regional level.

The growth of livestock farming and the recent expansion of wild ungulate populations in Europe favor opportunities for direct and/or indirect cross-transmission of pathogens. Comparatively few studies have investigated the epidemiology of gastro-intestinal nematode parasites, an ubiquitous and important community of parasites of ungulates, at the wildlife/livestock interface. In this study, we aimed to assess the influence of livestock proximity on the gastrointestinal nematode community of roe deer in a rural landscape located in southern France.

First Expert Elicitation of Knowledge on Drivers of Emergence of Bovine Besnoitiosis in Europe.

Bovine besnoitiosis (BB) is a chronic and debilitating parasitic disease in cattle caused by the protozoan parasite . South European countries are affected and have reported clinical cases of BB. However, BB is considered as emerging in other countries/regions of central, eastern and northern Europe.

Development of a control strategy towards elimination of Trypanosoma evansi infection (surra) in camels in Africa.

With an increasing worldwide population that presently exceeds 38 million, camels are important source of meat, milk, and transportation of goods, in many regions of the world. Camels are particularly critical in the northern parts of Africa, above the tsetse belt. However, camel breeding areas are expanding into southern areas, under the pressures of global warming, leading to increasing risk of acquiring parasitic infections in these non-traditional ecotypes.

A review on the diagnosis of animal trypanosomoses.

This review focuses on the most reliable and up-to-date methods for diagnosing trypanosomoses, a group of diseases of wild and domestic mammals, caused by trypanosomes, parasitic zooflagellate protozoans mainly transmitted by insects. In Africa, the Americas and Asia, these diseases, which in some cases affect humans, result in significant illness in animals and cause major economic losses in livestock. A number of pathogens are described in this review, including several Salivarian trypanosomes, such as Trypanosoma brucei sspp.

Unfavorable genetic correlations between fecal egg count and milk production traits in the French blond-faced Manech dairy sheep breed.

Background: Genetic selection has proven to be a successful strategy for the sustainable control of gastrointestinal parasitism in sheep. However, little is known on the relationship between resistance to parasites and production traits in dairy breeds. In this study, we estimated the heritabilities and genetic correlations for resistance to parasites and milk production traits in the blond-faced Manech breed.

Genetic × environment variation in sheep lines bred for divergent resistance to strongyle infection.

Drug-resistant parasites threaten livestock production. Breeding more resistant hosts could be a sustainable control strategy. Environmental variation linked to animal management practices or to parasite species turnover across farms may however alter the expression of genetic potential.

Practical guide for microscopic identification of infectious gastrointestinal nematode larvae in sheep from Sardinia, Italy, backed by molecular analysis.

Background: Gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) are ubiquitous in small ruminant farming, representing a major health and production concern. Given their differences in pathogenicity and the current problems regarding anthelmintic resistance, specific diagnosis of GIN is of significant importance. At present, the most widely applied method for this entails culture and microscopic analysis of third-stage larvae, allowing for identification at least to the genus level.

Asymptomatic Cryptosporidium infections in ewes and lambs are a source of environmental contamination with zoonotic genotypes of Cryptosporidium parvum.

Protozoan parasites of the Cryptosporidium genus cause severe cryptosporidiosis in newborn lambs. However, asymptomatic infections also occur frequently in lambs and ewes. In sheep, the most commonly detected Cryptosporidium species are C.

Real-time PCR on skin biopsies for super-spreaders' detection in bovine besnoitiosis.

Background: Bovine besnoitiosis, an emerging disease in Europe that can be transmitted by vectors, is caused by the apicomplexan Besnoitia besnoiti. Bovine besnoitiosis is difficult to control due to the complexity of its diagnosis in the acute stage of the disease, poor treatment success and chronically asymptomatic cattle acting as parasite reservoirs. When serological prevalence is low, detection and specific culling of seropositive cattle is feasible; however, economic considerations preclude this approach when serological prevalence is high.

Attractiveness and Specificity of Different Polyethylene Blue Screens on (Diptera: Muscidae).

is considered as a major pest of livestock worldwide. Insecticides have been extensively used to control this pest but resistance to these chemical compounds is now reported in many countries. Therefore, a more sustainable and efficient control is needed.

First report of multiple resistance to eprinomectin and benzimidazole in Haemonchus contortus on a dairy goat farm in France.

Pour-on eprinomectin was recently registered for lactating small ruminants. Given the high prevalence of benzimidazole resistance in gastrointestinal nematodes in dairy goats, many farmers use eprinomectin exclusively to treat their animals. On a French dairy goat farm, a veterinary practitioner noted a poor response to two types of eprinomectin treatment (pour-on application and injectable formulation).

Cell grazing and Haemonchus contortus control in sheep: lessons from a two-year study in temperate Western Europe.

Managing infections of sheep with anthelmintic resistant gastrointestinal nematodes (GIN) is a major challenge for sheep producers in Western Europe. New methods of grazing management have been poorly explored as a component of an integrated and sustainable control of these parasites. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to evaluate the effect of two different types of grazing systems of sheep (intensive cell grazing versus conventional rotational grazing) on GIN infections over two years in a farm located in a temperate environment of Western France.

Dicrocoeliosis in extensive sheep farms: a survey.

Background: This study investigated the epidemiological and molecular aspects of dicrocoeliosis in extensive sheep farms.

Methods: From 2013 to 2014, copromicroscopical analyses in 190 dairy sheep farms and anatomo-pathological inspections in six slaughterhouses were carried in Sardinia, Italy. Rectal faecal samples were analyzed using the FLOTAC® method, and anatomo-pathological examinations were based on detecting thickened terminal bile ducts (TTBDs).

Multiple-resistance to ivermectin and benzimidazole of a Haemonchus contortus population in a sheep flock from mainland France, first report.

Anthelmintic resistance was explored by fecal egg count reduction test in a sheep flock from the French Pyrenees at the request of the veterinary practitioner after a poor response to anthelmintics was noted. The FECRT confirmed the suspicion with a mean percentage of reduction in egg excretions of 45% (CI 95%: - 40 to 78.5) and 0% (CI95%: - 162 to 49) within the ivermectin and the benzimidazole groups respectively.

Divergent selection on milk somatic cell count in goats improves udder health and milk quality with no effect on nematode resistance.

Milk somatic cell count (SCC) is commonly higher in goats than in cattle and sheep. Furthermore, the ability of milk SCC to predict mastitis is considered lower in goats than in cattle and sheep, and the relevance of somatic cell score (SCS)-based selection in this species has been questioned. To address this issue, we created 2 divergent lines of Alpine goats using artificially inseminated bucks with extreme estimated breeding values for SCS.

A simple method to estimate the number of doses to include in a bank of vaccines. The case of Lumpy Skin Disease in France.

A simple method to estimate the size of the vaccine bank needed to control an epidemic of an exotic infectious disease in case of introduction into a country is presented. The method was applied to the case of a Lumpy Skin disease (LSD) epidemic in France. The size of the stock of vaccines needed was calculated based on a series of simple equations that use some trigonometric functions and take into account the spread of the disease, the time required to obtain good vaccination coverage and the cattle density in the affected region.

Stomoxys calcitrans, mechanical vector of virulent Besnoitia besnoiti from chronically infected cattle to susceptible rabbit.

Cattle besnoitiosis caused by Besnoitia besnoiti (Eucoccidiorida: Sarcocystidae) is a re-emerging disease in Europe. Its mechanical transmission by biting flies has not been investigated since the 1960s. The aim of this study was to re-examine the ability of Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) to transmit virulent B.

Risk of introduction of Lumpy Skin Disease into France through imports of cattle.

The lumpy skin disease (LSD) virus belongs to the genus Capripoxvirus and causes a disease in cattle with economic impacts. In November 2014, the disease was first reported in Europe (in Cyprus); it was then reported in Greece (in August 2015) and has spread through different Balkan countries since 2016. Although vector transmission is predominant in at-risk areas, long-distance transmission usually occurs through movements of infected cattle.

Phenotypic susceptibility to pyrethroids and organophosphate of wild Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae) populations in southwestern France.

Stomoxys calcitrans (Diptera: Muscidae), is an important vector of lumpy skin disease and bovine besnoitiosis in Europe. Control of this biting fly could represent a keystone in the containment of this emerging disease. Reports of insecticide resistance in S.