Sewing Concrete Device-Combining In-Line Rheology Control and Reinforcement System for 3D Concrete Printing.

Of the digital concrete-additive-manufacturing techniques, extrusion-based systems are probably the most widespread and studied. Despite the significant potential offered by 3D printing, several challenges must still be overcome. For instance, although several solutions have already been explored, the automated reinforcement of the layer-wise printed structures represents a challenge.

Nailing of Layers: A Promising Way to Reinforce Concrete 3D Printing Structures.

Today, the extrusion-based 3D printing of concrete is a potential breakthrough technology for the construction industry. It is expected that 3D printing will reduce the cost of construction of civil engineering structures (removal of formwork) and lead to a significant reduction in time and improve working environment conditions. Following the use of this additive manufacturing layer-wise process, it is required to change the way concrete structures are designed and reinforced, especially for the parts of the structure under tension loads.

A rare case of surgical pathway implantation of clival chordoma presenting as a neck mass.

Chordomas are rare, locally-aggressive tumours with a high rate of local recurrence. Recurrence along the route of surgical entry is an uncommon form of treatment failure. We report a case of a 59-year-old female who presented with a 3 cm neck mass in the left mid-sternocleidomastoid region.

[Perinatal HIV transmission prophylaxis in the Liege region].

In Liège, since February 1994, Protocole ACTG 076 has been followed for prevention of perinatal transmission of VIH. The pregnant women are treated by AZT during pregnancy and delivery. The newborn is also treated during 6 weeks.

[Multi-disciplinary approach to adolescents with problems. The Cholet experience].

The authors report their experience of management of 12-18 years adolescents in the year 1987 using a multidisciplinary approach. Eighty adolescents were hospitalized in the adolescent ward (5 beds) of a pediatric unit (38 beds; 1,691 admissions). Follow-up was carried out in a specialized out-patient clinic (SOPC) (660 patients) in a common-place apartment lent by the town-hall.

Excitatory amino acids: role in morphine excitation in rat periaqueductal gray.

Morphine was previously found to elicit an explosive excitatory behavior following its injection at a high dose in the rat periaqueductal gray (PAG). This non-naloxone reversible excitatory action of morphine was mimicked by the GABAA receptor antagonist, bicuculline, suggesting that morphine excitation was due in part to GABAA receptor blockade. In this paper, we report that injections of the excitatory amino acid (EAA) analogues, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), quisqualate (Q) or kainate (K) in the rat PAG resulted in similar (but not identical) behaviors.

The NMDA receptor: central role in pain inhibition in rat periaqueductal gray.

An injection of the excitatory amino acid analogue, N-methyl-D-aspartate (NMDA), in the rat periaqueductal gray resulted in potent analgesia. A prior injection of the NMDA antagonist, (-)-2-amino-7-phosphonoheptanoate (D-AP7), antagonized this action, indicating a receptor-mediated action. NMDA given with morphine potentiated the morphine analgesia while D-AP7 blocked morphine analgesia.

A dystonia-like syndrome after neuropeptide (MSH/ACTH) stimulation of the rat locus ceruleus.

The movement disorder investigated in these studies has some features in common with human idiopathic dystonia, and information obtained in these studies may be of potential clinical benefit. The present experimental results indicated that peptidergic stimulation of the LC resulted in a NE-mediated inhibition of cerebellar Purkinje cells located at terminals of the ceruleo-cerebellar pathway. However, it is not certain as to the following: (a) what receptors were stimulated by the ACTH N-terminal fragments at the LC that resulted in this disorder; (b) whether NE, released onto Purkinje cell synapses located at terminals of the ceruleo-cerebellar pathway, did indeed cause the long-term depression at Purkinje cell synapses (previously described by others) that resulted in the long duration of the movement disorder; (c) whether the inhibition of inhibitory Purkinje cells resulted in disinhibition or increased excitability of the unilateral cerebellar fastigial or interpositus nuclei, the output targets of the Purkinje cell axons, that may have been an important contributing factor to this disorder.

Non-stereospecific excitatory actions of morphine may be due to GABA-A receptor blockade.

An explosive motor behavior (EMB) similar to that seen following morphine injection into the rat periaqueductal gray (PAG) was observed following an injection of GABA-A receptor antagonists into the rat PAG. In general, the potencies of certain opiates and known GABA-A antagonists in producing EMB following their injections into the PAG paralleled their potencies as GABA antagonists in a radioreceptor assay. We suggest that one of the dual actions of morphine in the CNS may be GABA blockade.

'Dystonia'-like postural asymmetry after microinjection of ACTH N-terminal fragments but not after ACTH1-39 in rat brainstem suggests role of neuropeptide mutation in genetic movement disorder.

N-terminal fragments of adrenocorticotropin (ACTH) was reported to exert potent 'dystonia'-like effects on posture and locomotion following a unilateral microinjection into the rat brainstem. The high reliability of this phenomenon provided a suitable animal model for the study of these actions. The present structure-activity study showed that ACTH1-39, in contrast to its N-terminal fragments, did not have any 'dystonic' actions, however transient or slight.

Met5-enkephalin: potent contraversive rotation after microinjection in rat substantia nigra.

This study reports a novel action of Met5-enkephalin in the rat substantia nigra, i.e. potent contraversive rotation that is dose-dependent, site-specific, mimicked by morphine and blocked by naloxone.

Postural asymmetry and movement disorder after unilateral microinjection of adrenocorticotropin 1-24 in rat brainstem.

A unilateral microinjection of adrenocorticotropin 1-24 in the rat brainstem in the region of the locus ceruleus resulted in postural asymmetry and movement disorder that resembled human dystonia, the severity and duration (2 to 3 days) being dose-dependent. These results show for the first time that neuropeptides in the brainstem may modulate posture and movement, and they suggest that some forms of movement disorder such as dystonia may be due to a disordered regulation of postural and locomotor mechanisms by adrenocorticotropin 1-24.

Opposite temporal changes after a single central administration of B-endorphin: tolerance and sensitization.

Rats were given a single unilateral microinjection of B-endorphin in the periaqueductal gray, followed by a second microinjection of the same dose of B-endorphin in the same site a week later. A decrease in the analgesic action (i.e.

Dual actions of morphine on the central nervous system: parallel actions of beta-endorphin and ACTH.

In the studies described above, the intracerebral microinjection technique was used to study the actions of morphine at morphine-sensitive sites, the periaqueductal gray (PAG) and the midbrain reticular formation (MRF). In the PAG, morphine exerted dual actions: inhibitory and excitatory. In the MRF, morphine exerted an excitatory action only, indicating that the dual actions of morphine are dissociable and site specific.

Morphine and ACTH1-24: correlative behavioral excitations following micro-injections in rat periaqueductal gray.

Rats implanted with bilateral cannulas in the periaqueductal gray exhibited similar behavioral excitations following microinjections of morphine sulphate and ACTH1-24. Injections were more effective when the sites were located within rather than below the periaqueductal gray. Analgesia was observed following morphine but not ACTH microinjection.

Excitatory and inhibitory effects of opiates in the rat vas deferens: a dual mechanism of opiate action.

Both natural (-)-morphine and its unnatural enantiomer (+)-morphine exert an excitatory action on electrically stimulated contractions of rat vas deferens. Preexposure to (-)-morphine results in cross-tolerance to the inhibitory action of beta-endorphin. (-)-Naloxone and its stereoisomer (+)-naloxone also exert an excitatory action, but only (-)-naloxone bocks the inhibtory action of beta-endorphin.

Stereospecific, dose-dependent antagonism by naloxone of non-opiate behavior in mice.

When mice were placed in a novel environment, they exhibited behavioral activation, characterized by a high frequency of jumps, rearings, groomings, digging, etc. Naloxone exerted a dose-dependent antagonism of this behavior. The antagonism was stereospecfic, with the enantiomer, (+)-naloxone failing to antagonize this behavior.

Test for oral and postingestional factors mediating differential acceptability of morphine, methamphetamine, and chlordiazepoxide drinking solutions.

The relative degrees to which aversive oral (presumably gustatory) and postingestional variables attenuate the voluntary drinking of morphine, methamphetamine, and chlordiazepoxide solutions by rats were assessed by comparing immediate acceptability with subsequent acceptability. Results indicated that morphine solutions (0.01--0.

Opiate effects after adrenocorticotropin or beta-endorphin injection in the periaqueductal gray matter of rats.

Injections of adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) into the periaqueductal gray matter of drug-naive rats resulted in a dose-dependent opiate abstinence syndrome characterized by fearful hyperreactivity and explosive motor behavior. Injecting shorter chains of ACTH caused attenuated forms of this behavior. Injections of beta-endorphin at this same site caused opposite behavior: sedative, analgestic, and catatonic.