Role of unfolded protein response and ER-associated degradation under freezing, anoxia, and dehydration stresses in the freeze-tolerant wood frogs.

The North American amphibian, wood frogs, Rana sylvatica are the most studied anuran to comprehend vertebrate freeze tolerance. Multiple adaptations support their survival in frigid temperatures during winters, particularly their ability to produce glucose as natural cryoprotectant. Freezing and its component consequences (anoxia and dehydration) induce multiple stresses on cells.

Erythroid-specific 5-aminolevulinate synthase protein is stabilized by low oxygen and proteasomal inhibition.

5-Aminolevulinate synthase (ALAS; E.C. 2.