Pest categorisation of .

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health (PLH) performed a pest categorisation of , (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), the Manchurian fruit moth, for the territory of the EU. is a well-defined species that is recognised as a major pest of spp. in Far East Russia, Eastern Siberia and northern China.

Pest categorisation of spp. (non-EU).

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of spp. (non-EU), a well-defined and distinguishable group of fungal plant pathogens of the family Pucciniaceae affecting woody species. Many different species are recognised, of which at least 14 species are considered not to be native in the European Union.

Pest categorisation of spp. (non-EU).

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of spp. (non-EU), a well-defined and distinguishable group of fungal pathogens of the family Cronartiaceae. There are at least 40 species described within the genus, of which two are considered native to the EU ( and ) and one has been introduced in the 19th century () and is now widespread in the EU - these three species are thus not part of this pest categorisation.

Pest categorisation of .

The European Commission requested EFSA to conduct a pest categorisation of (Lepidoptera: Tortricidae), an oligophagous moth whose larvae feed mostly on leaves and fruit of different Rosaceae including cultivated apples, plums, cherries and pecans. It overwinters in soil and bark crevices of its host plants. has reliable identification methods, both for adults and immature stages.

Pest categorisation of .

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of , the causal agent of blotch of apple, for the EU. The pest is a well-defined fungal species and methods are available for its detection and identification. is present in Canada and the continental states of the USA.

Pest categorisation of .

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the peach fruit moth, Matsumura (Lepidoptera: Carposinidae) for the EU. is not currently regulated in the EU although a valid species of no economic significance that was previously mistakenly synonymised with is regulated in Annex IIAI of 2000/29 EC. is a well-defined species that is recognised as a major pest of apples, peaches and pears in eastern China, Japan, Korea and Far East Russia.

Impaired Glucose Tolerance in Adults with Duchenne and Becker Muscular Dystrophy.

The aim of this study was to determine the response to an oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) in adult males with Becker muscular dystrophy (BMD) and Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD), and to investigate whether body composition contributes to any variance in the glucose response. Twenty-eight adult males with dystrophinopathy (BMD, = 13; DMD, = 15) and 12 non-dystrophic controls, ingested 75 g oral anhydrous glucose solution. Fingertip capillary samples were assessed for glucose at 30-min intervals over 2-h post glucose ingestion.

Pest categorisation of .

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of , the causal agent of annular leaf spot of potato, for the EU. The pest is a well-defined fungal species and reliable methods exist for its detection and identification. is present in Bolivia, Ecuador, Peru and Venezuela.

Draft Genome Sequences of the Type Strains of Three Subspecies and Atypical Peach-Colored Strains Isolated from Tomato.

Here, we present the draft genome sequences of 10 Clavibacter sp. strains, including the type strains of different subspecies of Clavibacter michiganensis and a potentially novel species within the genus. Genome lengths of the strains varied between 2,982,864 and 3,288,331 bp, with G+C contents of 72.

Compact high-performance adiabatic 3-dB coupler enabled by subwavelength grating slot in the silicon-on-insulator platform.

We demonstrate a compact high-performance adiabatic 3-dB coupler for the silicon-on-insulator platform. The refractive index of the gap region between two coupling waveguides is effectively increased using subwavelength grating, which leads to high-performance operation and a compact design footprint, with a mode-evolution length of only 25 µm and an entire device length of 65 µm. The designed adiabatic 3-dB coupler has been fabricated using electron beam lithography and the feature size used in our design is CMOS compatible.

Reclassification of Xanthomonas gardneri (ex Šutič 1957) Jones et al. 2006 as a later heterotypic synonym of Xanthomonas cynarae Trébaol et al. 2000 and description of X. cynarae pv. cynarae and X. cynarae pv. gardneri based on whole genome analyses.

Multilocus sequence analysis of Xanthomonas species revealed a very close relationship between Xanthomonas cynarae, an artichoke pathogen and Xanthomonas gardneri, a tomato and pepper pathogen. Results of whole genome sequence comparisons using average nucleotide identity between representative strains of X. gardneri and X.

Pest categorisation of non-EU spp.

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of non-EU spp., a well-defined insect genus in the family Cerambycidae (Insecta: Coleoptera). Species can be identified using taxonomic keys at national and regional level, and DNA barcoding.

Pest categorisation of .

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of (Coleoptera: Scarabaeidae) for the EU. is a distinguishable species listed in Annex IAII of Council Directive 2000/29/EC. It is native to Japan but established in the USA in the early 20th century.

Pest categorisation of .

The European Commission requested EFSA to conduct a pest categorisation of (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae), a monophagous moth whose larvae exclusively feed on developing buds, flowers, and fruits of cultivated and wild spp. .  is a species with reliable methods available for identification.

Pest categorisation of .

The EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of (Herbst) (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), for the EU. is a well-defined species, recognised as a serious pest of stone and pome fruit in the USA and Canada where it also feeds on a range of other hosts including soft fruit (e.g.

Pest categorisation of .

The European Commission requested EFSA to conduct a pest categorisation of (Coleoptera: Curculionidae), a monophagous pest weevil whose larvae exclusively feed on mango seeds, whereas adults feed on mango foliage. is a species with reliable methods available for identification. It is regulated in the EU by Council Directive 2000/29/EC where it is listed in Annex IIB as a harmful organism whose introduction into EU Protected Zones (PZ) (Alentejo, Algarve and Madeira in Portugal, and Granada and Malaga in Spain) is banned.

Pest categorisation of spp.

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of spp., a well-defined insect genus of the whitefly family Aleyrodidae (Arthropoda: Hemiptera). Difficulties within the taxonomy of the genus give doubt about the ability to accurately identify some members to species level.

Relationships between muscle size, strength, and physical activity in adults with muscular dystrophy.

Background: Muscular dystrophy (MD) is characterized by progressive muscle wasting and weakness, yet few comparisons to non-MD controls (CTRL) of muscle strength and size in this adult population exist. Physical activity (PA) is promoted to maintain health and muscle strength within MD; however, PA reporting in adults with MD is limited to recall data, and its impact on muscle strength is seldom explored.

Methods: This study included 76 participants: 16 non-MD (CTRL, mean age 35.

Statistical Considerations for Exercise Protocols Aimed at Measuring Trainability.

The individual response to exercise training is of great interest with methods that have been proposed to measure this response reviewed in this paper. However, individual training response estimates may be biased by various sources of variability present in exercise studies, and in particular by within-subject variability. We propose the use of protocols that can separate trainability from within-subject variability.

Pest categorisation of .

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of the fungus , the causal agent of smut of potato, for the EU. The identity of the pest is well established and reliable methods exist for its detection and identification. is present in Bolivia, Chile, Colombia, Ecuador, Mexico, Panama, Peru and Venezuela.

Pest categorisation of .

The Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of , the causal agent of black blight of potato, for the EU. The pest is a well-defined fungal species and reliable methods exist for its detection and identification. is present in Bolivia and Peru.

Pest categorisation of and .

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of and , which are well-defined and distinguishable tree fungal pathogens of the family Cronartiaceae. In 2018, these species were moved from the genus to the genus . These pathogens are not known to be present in the EU and are regulated in Council Directive 2000/29/EC (Annex IAI) (as non-European spp.

Pest categorisation of .

Following a request from the European Commission, the EFSA Panel on Plant Health performed a pest categorisation of , a well-defined and distinguishable fungus of the family Melampsoraceae. .  is the causal agent of a leaf and twig rust of hemlocks ( spp.

Incorporation of in Preformed Biofilms by Isolated From Drinking Water of Swine Farms.

, the etiological agent of porcine pleuropneumonia, represents one of the most important health problems in the swine industry worldwide and it is included in the porcine respiratory disease complex. One of the bacterial survival strategies is biofilm formation, which are bacterial communities embedded in an extracellular matrix that could be attached to a living or an inert surface. Until recently, was considered to be an obligate pathogen.

Modulator material impact on chirp, DSP, and performance in coherent digital links: comparison of the lithium niobate, indium phosphide, and silicon platforms.

We characterize the impact of the modulator material on chirp, digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms and system-level performance in coherent digital optical links. We compare theoretically, in simulations and experimentally the lithium niobate (LiNbO), indium phosphide (InP) and silicon (Si) integrated platforms. Distortions to vector diagrams are traced back to modulation physics, and are interpreted as quadrature crosstalk.