Managing the cystic osteochondral defect: allograft or autograft.

Osteochondral lesions of the talus are generally benign, and many heal or are not symptomatic. A subset of these defects progress to large cystic lesions, which have a less favorable prognosis. The treatment options are joint preservation or sacrifice.

Revision total ankle replacement.

This review of the current literature regarding total ankle replacement (TAR) revision surgery focuses on the causes for implant failure, how to deal with the clinical dilemmas of pain and stiffness following TAR, the management of asymptomatic peri-implant cyst formation, and the management of the distal tibia and talus during revision surgery.