Extracorporeal Shock Waves Therapy Delivered by Aries Improves Erectile Dysfunction in Spontaneously Hypertensive Rats Through Penile Tissue Remodeling and Neovascularization.

Background: Low-intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy (Li-ESWT) has been reported to improve erectile function in patients with moderate-to-severe erectile dysfunction (ED) or even convert phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors nonresponders to responders. ED is highly prevalent in hypertensive patients. The effect of Li-ESWT on an animal model of hypertension-associated ED has not been reported.

The Favorable Effect of Empagliflozin on Erectile Function in an Experimental Model of Type 2 Diabetes.

Introduction: Following the results of the EMPA-REG Outcome trial, we hypothesized that empagliflozin, a highly potent and specific sodium/glucose cotransporteur 2 inhibitor, could improve type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)-associated erectile dysfunction (ED), a highly prevalent complication of T2DM, very often coexisting with cardiovascular complications and considered as a prognostic factor of cardiovascular disease in men with diabetes.

Aim: To investigate the effects of chronic treatment with empagliflozin on ED in a T2DM rat model in the presence or absence of sildenafil.

Methods: Male Goto-Kakizaki (GK), a model of T2DM, and age-matched Wistar rats received placebo or empagliflozin treatment at 25.

Low Intensity Extracorporeal Shock Wave Therapy Improves Erectile Function in a Model of Type II Diabetes Independently of NO/cGMP Pathway.

Purpose: Erectile dysfunction is highly prevalent in type II diabetes mellitus. Low intensity extracorporeal shock wave therapy improves erectile function in patients with erectile dysfunction of vasculogenic origin, including diabetes. However, its mode of action remains unknown.

Does Reduction of Number of Intradetrusor Injection Sites of aboBoNTA (Dysport®) Impact Efficacy and Safety in a Rat Model of Neurogenic Detrusor Overactivity?

Intradetrusor injections of Botulinum toxin A-currently onabotulinumtoxinA-is registered as a second-line treatment to treat neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). The common clinical practice is 30 × 1 mL injections in the detrusor; however, protocols remain variable and standardization is warranted. The effect of reducing the number of injection sites of Dysport(®) abobotulinumtoxinA (aboBoNTA) was assessed in the spinal cord-injured rat (SCI).

Bladder and erectile dysfunctions in the Type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki rat.

Despite the fact that urogenito-sexual complications significantly impact the quality of life of diabetic patients, a robust in vivo experimental model is lacking. Bladder and erectile function in the Type 2 diabetic Goto-Kakizaki (GK) rat and responses to standard-of-care treatments for each disorder have been assessed. GK rats (n = 25, 18-wk-old, GK/Par colony) and age-matched Wistar rats (n = 23), characterized for their metabolic parameters, were used.

The spinal control of ejaculation revisited: a systematic review and meta-analysis of anejaculation in spinal cord injured patients.

BACKGROUND After spinal cord injury (SCI), most men cannot ejaculate without medical assistance. A major advance in the knowledge of the spinal control of ejaculation has been achieved with the discovery of a spinal generator of ejaculation (SGE) in the rat. The aim of this report was to review studies about ejaculation after SCI in order to revisit the spinal control of ejaculation and especially to assess the existence of an SGE in man.

Inhibition of ejaculation by the non-peptide oxytocin receptor antagonist GSK557296: a multi-level site of action.

Background And Purpose: Oxytocin (OT) plays a major role in the control of male sexual responses. Notably, blockade of OT receptors has been reported to inhibit ejaculation in animals. The study aimed to investigate the action of a highly selective, non-peptide OT antagonist GSK557296 in a model of pharmacologically induced ejaculation in anaesthetized rats.

Effect of dapoxetine on ejaculatory performance and related brain neuronal activity in rapid ejaculator rats.

Introduction: A brain network specifically activated when ejaculation occurs has been described in rats. Increasing serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine [5-HT]) tone impairs ejaculation and chronic 5-HT selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are known to inhibit ejaculation. However, efficacy of acute treatment with SSRI varies from one compound to another.

A new experimental rat model of erectile dysfunction and lower urinary tract symptoms associated with benign prostatic hyperplasia: the testosterone-supplemented spontaneously hypertensive rat.

Unlabelled: What's known on the subject? and What does the study add? Lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS) resulting from benign prostatic hyperplasia (BPH) and erectile dysfunction (ED) are common problems in the aging male population. Moreover, several recent studies have shown that ED is closely associated with the presence and severity of LUTS independently of co-morbidities. However, the pathophysiological mechanisms linking LUTS/BPH and ED remain largely unexplored.

Minimal effective dose of dysport and botox in a rat model of neurogenic detrusor overactivity.

Background: Two botulinum toxins A have been evaluated for the treatment of refractory neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) in humans: Dysport (abobotulinumtoxinA) and Botox (onabotulinumtoxinA). However, these two distinct commercialized products have different potency units and are not interchangeable.

Objective: Assessment of the dose response and determination of minimal effective dose (MED) for Dysport and Botox in spinal cord-injured (SCI) rats with NDO.

Combination of BAY 60-4552 and vardenafil exerts proerectile facilitator effects in rats with cavernous nerve injury: a proof of concept study for the treatment of phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitor failure.

Background: Radical prostatectomy (RP) is frequently responsible for erectile dysfunction (ED). Post-RP patients often show a failure to respond to phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors.

Objective: The acute effect of BAY 60-4552, the soluble guanylate cyclase (sGC) stimulator, and vardenafil were evaluated alone or in combination on erectile responses to electrical stimulation of the cavernous nerve (ES CN) in rats with cavernous nerve (CN) crush injury-induced ED.

Effects of potassium channel modulators on myogenic spontaneous phasic contractile activity in human detrusor from neurogenic patients.

Objective: To characterize the spontaneous contractile activity (SCA) developed by detrusor from patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO) because the alteration of detrusor properties plays a critical role in the pathogenesis of detrusor overactivity, as well as to evaluate the role of K(ATP) and K(Ca) channels on this SCA because these channels regulate detrusor SCA in many species, including humans without overactive bladder (OAB).

Patients And Methods: Human bladder samples were obtained from 44 patients undergoing cystectomy for bladder cancer with no known OAB symptoms and from 38 patients suffering from urodynamically diagnosed NDO. Detrusor strips with or without urothelium/suburothelium were mounted isometrically in organ baths filled with Krebs-HEPES (37 °C; 95% O(2) /5% CO(2) ).

Vardenafil decreases bladder afferent nerve activity in unanesthetized, decerebrate, spinal cord-injured rats.

Background: Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors (PDE5-Is) improve storage symptoms in benign prostatic hyperplasia patients, despite a lack of effect on peak urinary flow rate. Moreover, vardenafil improves urodynamic parameters in spinal cord-injured (SCI) patients with neurogenic detrusor overactivity (NDO). SCI rats also display NDO characterized by nonvoiding contractions (NVCs) during bladder filling, resulting in an increased bladder afferent nerve firing (BANF).

Neuroanatomical distribution of the melanocortin-4 receptors in male and female rodent brain.

The melanocortin-4 receptor (MC4-R) plays a critical role in several physiological functions, from food intake, energy homeostasis, neuroendocrine and cardiovascular function, to sexual responses. The brain regions and the central neuronal pathways mediating the different actions of MC4-R remain largely unknown. We aimed to use immunocytochemistry using a specific antibody against rat MC4-R, to establish the detailed neuroanatomical distribution of MC4-R in brain slices of male and estrous female rats.

Effect of a local delivery of triiodothyronine (T3) within neuroregenerative guide on recovery of erectile function in a rat-model of cavernous nerve injury.

Introduction: A promoting effect of thyroid hormones has been established on the maturation of central and peripheral nervous systems. However, effects on autonomic nerves have never been experimentally investigated.

Aim: To assess the effect of a local treatment combining silicone guides and local administration of Triiodothyronine (T3) on the erectile function and the histological neuroregeneration of crushed cavernous nerves (CNs) in rats.

How does chronic sildenafil prevent vascular oxidative stress in insulin-resistant rats?

Introduction: Insulin resistance features both endothelial dysfunction and increased oxidative stress. Both disorders are targeted by a chronic treatment with sildenafil. However, the mechanism of action by which chronic sildenafil exerts its effects on reactive oxygen species sources is still largely unknown.

Differences in the spinal command of ejaculation in rapid ejaculating rats.

Introduction: It has been hypothesized that lifelong premature ejaculation is part of a biological variation in the intravaginal ejaculation latency, but what causes this variation remains poorly understood.

Aim: The aim of this study is to elucidate whether variations in ejaculation latencies in an experimental rat model for premature ejaculation are linked to differences in the spinal command of ejaculation.

Main Outcome Measures: Electrical microstimulation of the spinal generator for ejaculation revealed an accelerated expulsion phase in rapid ejaculating rats.

Role of the neurokinin-1 receptors in ejaculation in anesthetized rats.

Introduction: Several lines of evidence indicate a role for substance P in the control of ejaculation, although its mode of action needs to be clarified.

Aim: The effects and sites of action of a selective antagonist for the substance P-preferred receptor (neurokinin-1 receptor subtype; NK1) were investigated in a pharmacological model of ejaculation.

Methods: Ejaculation was induced in anesthetized rats by intracerebroventricular (i.

Apoptosis and effects of intracavernous bone marrow cell injection in a rat model of postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction.

Objectives: To investigate the pathophysiology of postprostatectomy erectile dysfunction (pPED) in a rat model of bilateral cavernous nerve ablation (BCNA) and to assess the effects of local bone marrow mononuclear cell (BMMNC) injection on erectile dysfunction (ED) and cavernosal cellular abnormalities caused by BCNA.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This was an experimental study in Fisher rats with BCNA.

Intervention: Intervention included BNCA, electrical stimulation of the pelvic ganglion, and local BMMNC injection.

Impact of a long-term sildenafil treatment on pressor response in conscious rats with insulin resistance and hypertriglyceridemia.

Background: Insulin resistance constitutes a risk factor for endothelial dysfunction and subsequent cardiovascular diseases including hypertension. Daily treatment with phosphodiesterase type 5 (PDE5) inhibitors has beneficial effects on endothelial function in men with increased cardiovascular risk. Endothelium-dependent vasomotor function is ultimately linked to blood pressure (BP) regulation.

Peripheral neural lesion-induced stress urinary incontinence in anaesthetized female cats.

Objectives: To characterize the effect of acute unilateral and bilateral lesion of the pelvic and pudendal nerves, and nerves innervating the iliococcygeous and pubococcygeous muscles during sneezing in anaesthetized female cats, on intravesical pressure (IVP), urethral pressure (UPs) and external urethral sphincter (EUS) activity.

Materials And Methods: In seven anaesthetized female cats UPs along the urethra (UPs1-4) and IVPs were recorded in the emptied bladder during sneezing before and after unilateral and then bilateral peripheral neural lesions. UPs were measured using microtip transducer catheters with UP4 positioned in the distal urethra where the EUS is located.

Ejaculation elicited by microstimulation of lumbar spinothalamic neurons.

Background: Neuroanatomical and lesion studies have identified lumbar spinothalamic (LSt) neurons to be essential for ejaculation, but their precise role remains elusive.

Objective: To assess the role of LSt neurons as a spinal pattern generator for ejaculation (SGE) and their action on anatomical structures involved in the two ejaculation phases, the emission and expulsion of semen.

Design: The bulbospongiosus muscle (BSM) was implanted with electrodes and the seminal vesicle (SV) or vas deferens (VD) lumen catheterized in adult anaesthetized rats.

Daily treatment with sildenafil reverses endothelial dysfunction and oxidative stress in an animal model of insulin resistance.

Objectives: Patients with insulin resistance exhibit endothelial dysfunction with decreased nitric oxide (NO) production and increased oxidative stress. We postulated that daily sildenafil improved endothelial function in fructose-fed rats.

Methods And Results: Wistar rats were fed a standard or fructose-enriched diet (FFR) for 9 wk.

Seminal plug expulsion induced by electrical stimulation of the intermesenteric nerve in anesthetized rats.

Synchronized activation of autonomic and somatic divisions of the nervous system respectively destined to the seminal tract, including the bladder neck and the pelvi-perineal striated musculature, is necessary for anterograde ejaculation. We aimed at investigating the role of intermesenteric nerves (IMNs) in ejaculation in anesthetized rats. Electrical stimulation of intact IMNs and distal and proximal stumps of the sectioned IMN were tested in isoflurane-anesthetized male rats.