Non-accidental injury in children--an update.

The abuse of children is a universal problem. It affects children from all social classes, racial and religious groups. Child abuse involves acts of commission or omission which directly or indirectly result in harm to the child and prevent a normal development into healthy adulthood.

Incidence and demography of non-accidental head injury in southeast Scotland from a national database.

Background: This study utilized an existing national database of cases of non-accidental head injury (NAHI; also called inflicted traumatic brain injury [inflicted TBI] and shaken baby syndrome [SBS]) in Scotland to report the incidence, confidence intervals, and demography of such cases in Southeast Scotland.

Methods: This prospective population-based study was conducted from January 1998 to September 2006. Data from the Lothian region of Scotland, where there is known full ascertainment of infant head injuries, including NAHI, have been used to calculate the incidence rate for this region of Scotland, with government statistics providing the normal annual infant population as the denominator.

Epidemiology of oronasal hemorrhage in the first 2 years of life: implications for child protection.

Background: Epistaxis in childhood is common but unusual in the first years of life. Oronasal blood has been proposed as a marker of child abuse.

Methods: We performed a retrospective review of all hospital notes of children in the Lothian region of Scotland who were <2 years of age and in whom facial blood had been recorded over a 10-year period.

The epidemiology of fractures in children.

A retrospective study of all paediatric fractures presenting to hospital in Edinburgh, Scotland in 2000 was undertaken. It showed that the incidence of fractures was 20.2/1000/year and that 61% of children's fractures occurred in males.

Older children and adolescents surviving with vertically acquired HIV infection.

This article describes the characteristics of children infected vertically with HIV surviving 10 years or more who were enrolled in the prospective European Collaborative Study. Thirty-four of 187 infected children were identified with a median age of 11.4 years (range, 10.