The effects of selected sedatives on basal and stimulated serum cortisol concentrations in healthy dogs.

Background: Hormone assessment is typically recommended for awake, unsedated dogs. However, one of the most commonly asked questions from veterinary practitioners to the endocrinology laboratory is how sedation impacts cortisol concentrations and the adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) stimulation test. Butorphanol, dexmedetomidine, and trazodone are common sedatives for dogs, but their impact on the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal axis (HPA) is unknown.

Clinicopathologic and gastrointestinal effects of administration of prednisone, prednisone with omeprazole, or prednisone with probiotics to dogs: A double-blind randomized trial.

Background: The efffect of administering of probiotics or twice-daily omeprazole on glucocorticoid-induced gastric bleeding in dogs is unknown.

Hypothesis: Compare gastrointestinal bleeding among dogs administered placebo, prednisone (2 mg/kg q24h), prednisone with omeprazole (1 mg/kg q12h), or prednisone with probiotics (Visbiome, 11.2-22.

Proficiency and Retention of Five Clinical Veterinary Skills Using Multipurpose Reusable Canine Manikins versus Live Animals: Model Development and Validation.

Simulation in veterinary education provides a safe and ethical alternative to using live animals, but most simulators are single purpose and unvalidated. In this study, canine training manikins were created using readily available materials to teach fine needle aspiration (FNA) of peripheral lymph nodes, jugular venipuncture, cephalic venipuncture, intravenous catheterization, and cystocentesis. Undergraduate subjects were prospectively enrolled and stratified by veterinary experience prior to randomization into two groups.

Virtual Clinics: A Student-Led, Problem-Based Learning Approach to Supplement Veterinary Clinical Experiences.

The COVID-19 pandemic created an abrupt need for effective remote clinical experiences for senior clinical veterinary students. Subsequently, the authors created virtual clinics. This activity was derived from a problem-based learning (PBL) model wherein students designed clinical cases and participated through virtual role play as clients and clinicians.

Pharmacokinetics of orally administered single-dose ponazuril in cats.

Cats and kittens in animal shelters and catteries regularly suffer from severe gastrointestinal coccidiosis, which can be fatal, and there are no drugs labeled for feline coccidiosis in the United States. Ponazuril, a triazine-class drug, is increasingly used at a dose of 50 mg/kg/d, orally, for three to five days in shelter environments for coccidiosis. A single oral dose of ponazuril paste 15% (Marquis ; Merial) at 50 mg/kg was administered to six healthy adult cats.

Effects of Synbiotics on the Fecal Microbiome and Metabolomic Profiles of Healthy Research Dogs Administered Antibiotics: A Randomized, Controlled Trial.

Antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal signs occurred in 100% of dogs administered enrofloxacin with metronidazole in a previous study, and signs partially were mitigated by synbiotics. The objective of this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was to compare the fecal microbiome and metabolome of dogs administered enrofloxacin and metronidazole, followed by either a placebo or a bacterial/yeast synbiotic combination. Twenty-two healthy research dogs were randomized to two treatment groups.

Intrahistiocytic Storage of Clofazimine Crystals in a Cat.

A 13-year-old castrated male Maine coon cat with a 5-year history of atypical mycobacteriosis was euthanized and submitted for necropsy. The cat had been kept in clinical remission since diagnosis using a combination of the antimycobacterial drug clofazimine and additional multimodal antimicrobial therapy. Grossly, tissues were diffusely discolored red-brown to yellow.

Management of polyethylene glycol solution aspiration using bronchoscopic lavage in a dog.

Polyethylene glycol lavage solutions are used for colonic preparation in dogs and are considered relatively safe. Aspiration is an uncommon but potentially devastating complication of polyethylene glycol administration. Full recovery is possible and often rapid in people treated with bronchoalveolar lavage.

Effects of clopidogrel and prednisone on platelet function in healthy dogs.

Background: Glucocorticoids cause hypercoagulability, but it is unknown if they counteract clopidogrel's antiplatelet effects.

Hypothesis/objectives: Determine the effects of clopidogrel and prednisone on platelet function.

Animals: Twenty-four healthy dogs.

Multicenter retrospective evaluation of ileocecocolic perforations associated with diagnostic lower gastrointestinal endoscopy in dogs and cats.

Background: Ileoscopy is increasingly performed in dogs and cats with gastrointestinal signs, but iatrogenic ileocecocolic (ICC) perforations have not been described.

Hypothesis/objectives: To characterize endoscopic ICC perforations in dogs and cats.

Animals: Thirteen dogs and 2 cats.

Effects of Aspirin and Prednisone on Platelet Function and Thromboxane Synthesis in Healthy Dogs.

Glucocorticoid administration is a risk factor for thromboembolism in hypercoagulable dogs, and it is unknown if aspirin counteracts glucocorticoid-induced hypercoagulability. The objective was to determine the effects of sustained aspirin and prednisone administration on platelet function and thromboxane synthesis. Our hypothesis was that aspirin would consistently inhibit platelet function and thromboxane synthesis when administered with or without prednisone.

Clinical, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal changes from administration of clopidogrel, prednisone, or combination in healthy dogs: A double-blind randomized trial.

Background: Dogs with immune-mediated disease often receive glucocorticoids with clopidogrel, but ulcerogenic effects of current protocols are unknown.

Hypothesis/objectives: To compare gastrointestinal endoscopic findings among dogs administered clopidogrel, prednisone, and combination treatment.

Animals: Twenty-four healthy research dogs.

Clinical, clinicopathologic, and gastrointestinal changes from aspirin, prednisone, or combination treatment in healthy research dogs: A double-blind randomized trial.

Background: Dogs with immune-mediated disease are often coadministered glucocorticoids and aspirin, but ulcerogenic effects of current protocols are unknown.

Objectives: To compare gastrointestinal changes among dogs administered aspirin, prednisone, and combination treatment.

Animals: Twenty-four healthy research dogs.

Indirect Doppler flow systolic blood pressure measurements taken with and without headphones in privately-owned, conscious dogs.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effect of headphone use and covariates on indirect radial Doppler flow systolic arterial blood pressure (BP) measurements in dogs.

Methods: Between May and August 2018, 100 privately-owned dogs were enrolled. Blood pressure was measured in lateral recumbency, with and without headphones, using a randomized crossover design.

Characterization of Fungal Colonization of Indwelling Esophagostomy Tubes.

Fungal colonization of feeding tubes occurs rapidly in people, resulting in decreased structural integrity and complications such as luminal obstruction and tube failure. Esophagostomy tubes (E-tubes) are commonly used in dogs and cats for enteral support, but data are lacking regarding colonizing fungi and the impact of colonization on tube integrity. In this study, esophagostomy tubes were collected in lieu of disposal from dogs and cats undergoing feeding tube exchange.

Randomized, controlled, crossover trial of prevention of antibiotic-induced gastrointestinal signs using a synbiotic mixture in healthy research dogs.

Background: Synbiotics decrease antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal signs (AAGS) in cats, but data supporting synbiotic use to ameliorate AAGS in dogs are lacking.

Objectives: To determine if administration of synbiotics mitigates AAGS in dogs.

Animals: Twenty-two healthy research dogs.

Effects of a synbiotic on the fecal microbiome and metabolomic profiles of healthy research cats administered clindamycin: a randomized, controlled trial.

Reduction in antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal signs (AAGS) in people co-administered probiotics is believed to result from shifts in the microbiome and metabolome. Amelioration of AAGS in cats secondary to synbiotic administration has recently been demonstrated. Thus, the aim of this randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial was to characterize associated changes in the fecal microbiome and metabolome.

Fatal pulmonary hemorrhage associated with vascular amyloid deposition in a cat.

Case Summary: An adult female spayed Siamese-cross cat of unknown age was presented for bilateral hemorrhagic otorrhea. Nasopharyngeal polyps were diagnosed by CT and biopsy; bilateral ventral bulla osteotomies were performed. Episodic epistaxis, otic hemorrhage and hemoptysis with respiratory distress progressed over 18 months.

Short and long-term effects of a synbiotic on clinical signs, the fecal microbiome, and metabolomic profiles in healthy research cats receiving clindamycin: a randomized, controlled trial.

Background: Antibiotic-associated gastrointestinal signs (AAGS) occur commonly in cats. Co-administration of synbiotics is associated with decreased AAGS in people, potentially due to stabilization of the fecal microbiome and metabolome. The purpose of this double-blinded randomized-controlled trial was to compare AAGS and the fecal microbiome and metabolome between healthy cats that received clindamycin with a placebo or synbiotic.

Comparison of absorption characteristics of oral reference and compounded itraconazole formulations in healthy cats.

OBJECTIVE To compare absorption characteristics of orally administered compounded itraconazole capsules and suspension with those of reference (brand-name) formulations in healthy cats. DESIGN Randomized crossover study. ANIMALS 8 healthy adult cats.

Effects of various factors on Doppler flow ultrasonic radial and coccygeal artery systolic blood pressure measurements in privately-owned, conscious dogs.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to assess the effects of age, body condition score (BCS) and muscle condition score (MCS) on indirect radial and coccygeal Doppler systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) measurements in dogs.

Methods: Sixty-two privately-owned dogs were enrolled between June and July 2016. The BCS and MCS were determined by two investigators.

Effects of various factors on Doppler ultrasonographic measurements of radial and coccygeal arterial blood pressure in privately owned, conscious cats.

OBJECTIVE To assess the effects of age, body condition score (BCS), and muscle condition score (MCS) on radial and coccygeal systolic arterial blood pressure (SAP) in cats. DESIGN Prospective randomized trial. ANIMALS 66 privately owned cats enrolled between May and December 2010.

Povidone iodine sclerotherapy for treatment of idiopathic renal hematuria in two dogs.

CASE DESCRIPTION A 6-year-old spayed female Great Pyrenees (dog 1) and a 2-year-old spayed female German Shepherd Dog (dog 2) were evaluated because of gross hematuria of 5 and 2 months' duration, respectively. CLINICAL FINDINGS In both dogs, coagulation times were within reference limits, results of aerobic bacterial culture of urine samples were negative, echogenic debris could be seen within the urinary bladder ultrasonographically, and hematuric urine could be seen exiting the right ureterovesicular junction, with grossly normal urine exiting the left ureterovesicular junction, during cystoscopy. A diagnosis of idiopathic renal hematuria was made in both dogs.

Attempted ultrasound-guided ethanol ablation of a suspected pancreatic pseudocyst in a dog.

A 9-year-old, spayed female toy poodle dog developed refractory anorexia after pancreatitis. Abdominal imaging showed a cystic structure compressing the stomach. Appetite improved after percutaneous drainage of the structure, but the structure refilled within 48 h.