The Nature, Timing, and Symptom Trajectories of Dropout From Transdiagnostic and Single-Diagnosis Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy for Anxiety Disorders.

Dropout from psychotherapy is common and can have negative effects for patients, providers, and researchers. A better understanding of when and why patients stop treatment early, as well as actionable factors contributing to dropout, has the potential to prevent it. Here, we examined dropout from a large randomized controlled trial of transdiagnostic versus single-diagnosis cognitive-behavioral treatment (CBT) for patients with anxiety disorders (n = 179; Barlow et al.

Awareness of and attitudes toward CBT, DBT, and ACT in an acute psychiatric sample.

Objective: Treatment utilization for psychiatric illness is low, perhaps influenced by limited consumer knowledge of evidence-based psychological treatments (EBPTs). To inform consumer-directed dissemination efforts, we characterized preferences, beliefs, and knowledge about specific EBPTs (cognitive behavioral therapy [CBT], dialectical behavior therapy [DBT], and acceptance and commitment therapy [ACT]); and examined potential sociodemographic and treatment history correlates.

Method: Before receiving treatment at a psychiatric partial hospital, patients (n = 249) completed the Psychological Treatment Consumer Questionnaire.

Development of a Single-Session, Transdiagnostic Preventive Intervention for Young Adults at Risk for Emotional Disorders.

Cognitive-behavioral prevention programs have demonstrated efficacy in reducing subclinical symptoms of anxiety and depression, and there is some evidence to suggest that they can lower the risk of future disorder onset. However, existing interventions tend to be relatively lengthy and target specific disorders or problem areas, both of which limit their potential for widespread dissemination. To address these limitations, we aimed to develop a single-session, transdiagnostic preventive intervention based on the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders for young adults at risk for developing anxiety and/or depressive disorders within a college setting.

The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders Compared With Diagnosis-Specific Protocols for Anxiety Disorders: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Transdiagnostic interventions have been developed to address barriers to the dissemination of evidence-based psychological treatments, but only a few preliminary studies have compared these approaches with existing evidence-based psychological treatments.

Objective: To determine whether the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) is at least as efficacious as single-disorder protocols (SDPs) in the treatment of anxiety disorders.

Design, Setting, And Participants: From June 23, 2011, to March 5, 2015, a total of 223 patients at an outpatient treatment center with a principal diagnosis of panic disorder with or without agoraphobia, generalized anxiety disorder, obsessive-compulsive disorder, or social anxiety disorder were randomly assigned by principal diagnosis to the UP, an SDP, or a waitlist control condition.

Isolating the Unique Effects of the Unified Protocol Treatment Modules Using Single Case Experimental Design.

The Unified Protocol (UP) for the Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders is a cognitive-behavioral intervention designed to treat the range of anxiety, depressive, and related disorders. Thus far, the UP treatment modules have only been studied when they are delivered in their entirety and presented in a standard sequence. To personalize the presentation of the UP modules for a given patient's presentation (e.

Current Definitions of "Transdiagnostic" in Treatment Development: A Search for Consensus.

Research in psychopathology has identified psychological processes that are relevant across a range of Diagnostic and Statistical Manual (DSM) mental disorders, and these efforts have begun to produce treatment principles and protocols that can be applied transdiagnostically. However, review of recent work suggests that there has been great variability in conceptions of the term "transdiagnostic" in the treatment development literature. We believe that there is value in arriving at a common understanding of the term "transdiagnostic.

The Origins of Neuroticism.

In this article, we provide a fresh perspective on the developmental origins of neuroticism--a dimension of temperament marked by elevated stress reactivity resulting in the frequent experience of negative emotions. This negative affectivity is accompanied by a pervasive perception that the world is a dangerous and threatening place, along with beliefs about one's inability to manage or cope with challenging events. Historically, neuroticism has been viewed as a stable, genetically based trait.

The unified protocol for transdiagnostic treatment of emotional disorders: preliminary exploration of effectiveness for group delivery.

The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP) has demonstrated promising results among patients with heterogeneous anxiety and comorbid depressive disorders when delivered on an individual basis, but greater efficiencies may be achieved with group-based applications. The aim of the present study was to provide a preliminary exploration of the UP when delivered in a group format. Among diagnostically diverse patients (N = 11), the UP group treatment resulted in moderate to strong effects on anxiety and depressive symptoms, functional impairment, quality of life, and emotion regulation skills, as well as good acceptability and overall satisfaction ratings from patients.

A preliminary investigation of the long-term outcome of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders.

Objective: The aim of this study is to conduct a preliminary examination of long-term outcomes on a broad range of affective disorder symptoms treated with a newly developed intervention: The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders (UP).

Method: Maintenance of treatment gains at long-term follow-up (LTFU) were explored in patients (N=15, mean age=32.27; 60% female) who completed a clinical trial of the UP.

The influence of psychological variables on health-related quality of life among HIV-positive individuals with a history of intravenous drug use.

Objective: Intravenous drug use (IDU) remains a prominent pathway of HIV transmission in the United States, though little is known about modifiable factors influencing quality of life among IDUs. The goal of this study was to evaluate the influence of psychological variables (e.g.

The benefits of being mindful: trait mindfulness predicts less stress reactivity to suppression.

Background And Objectives: There has been a recent proliferation of research evaluating the efficacy of mindfulness as a clinical intervention. However, there is still little known about trait mindfulness, or how trait mindfulness interacts with maladaptive emotion regulation strategies. The current study further explores the effect of trait mindfulness on emotion regulation, as well as whether specific factors of trait mindfulness are uniquely associated with subjective and autonomic reactivity to stress.

Evidence-based psychological treatments: an update and a way forward.

Enormous progress in the field of clinical science has been made over the past 50 years, with advances in our understanding of psychopathology and more sophisticated research methodology leading to the development of more efficacious psychological treatments for a variety of behavioral disorders. Despite these advances, the public health impact of well-established psychological treatments is less than it should be. After an overview of the current status of the field, we identify barriers that must be overcome to maximize the public health impact and propose that to breach these barriers we must (a) augment the efficacy of treatments, (b) broaden the impact of treatments across diagnoses to include temperamental variables, (c) attend more closely to mechanisms of action of treatments, and (d) learn the best methods for disseminating and implementing psychological interventions.

Cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in HIV-infected injection drug users: a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: Depression and substance use, the most common comorbidities with HIV, are both associated with poor treatment adherence. Injection drug users comprise a substantial portion of individuals with HIV in the United States and globally. The present study tested cognitive behavioral therapy for adherence and depression (CBT-AD) in patients with HIV and depression in active substance abuse treatment for injection drug use.

Childhood sexual abuse and health risk behaviors in patients with HIV and a history of injection drug use.

Childhood sexual abuse (CSA) is related to poorer health outcomes, associated with increased risk for HIV acquisition, and prevalent among HIV risk groups. Links between CSA and health behavior are an important health concern. We examined the relationship between CSA and transmission risk behavior and medication adherence in 119 HIV-infected individuals with an injection drug use history.

Rates of mood and anxiety disorders and contributors to continued heroin use in methadone maintenance patients: A comparison by HIV status.

The frequency of mood and anxiety disorders is elevated among individuals with a history of intravenous drug abuse and among those with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), and these disorders are associated with continued substance use despite treatment. The present study examined rates of mood and anxiety disorders, and recent heroin use, among HIV-infected and HIV-noninfected patients receiving methadone maintenance therapy. Participants were 160 (80 HIV-infected, 80 HIV-noninfected) methadone patients.