Impulsiveness, postprandial blood glucose, and glucoregulation affect measures of behavioral flexibility.

Behavioral flexibility (BF) performance is influenced by both psychological and physiological factors. Recent evidence suggests that impulsivity and blood glucose can affect executive function, of which BF is a subdomain. Here, we hypothesized that impulsivity, fasting blood glucose (FBG), glucose changes (ie, glucoregulation) from postprandial blood glucose (PBG) following the intake of a 15-g glucose beverage could account for variability in BF performance.

Impaired visual habituation in adults with ADHD.

Objective: Habituation has an important role in attention. By reducing one's sensitivity to a constant source of stimulation, it frees up attention resources to process new distinct items. Impaired habituation may disrupt sustained attention via inability to modulate the repeated intrusion of irrelevant stimuli.

Concordance rates between parent and teacher clinical evaluation of language fundamentals observational rating scale.

Background: Research has shown that early identification of children with language issues is critical for effective intervention, and yet many children are not identified until school age. The use of parent-completed rating scales, especially in urban, minority populations, might improve early identification if parent ratings are found to be reliable and valid.

Aims: To evaluate the reliability and validity of the Observational Rating Scale (ORS) in an urban setting where it may be difficult to distinguish language difficulties from cultural language differences.