Asynchronous online training increased knowledge, confidence, and intent to screen and treat substance use disorders among primary care clinicians practicing in Texas.

Introduction: Despite increasing prevalence of substance use disorders (SUD), few patients are diagnosed and treated in primary care settings. This study evaluated changes in knowledge, confidence, and intention to implement screening and brief intervention (SBI) and SUD treatment after clinicians participated in an asynchronous online education course.

Methods: A self-selected sample of primary care clinicians in Texas participated in online SBI and SUD education March 2021-July 2023.

Factors associated with intention to implement SBI and SUD treatment: a survey of primary care clinicians in Texas enrolled in an online course.

Background: Substance use disorder (SUD) presents a range of public health challenges and consequences. Despite the prevention potential of screening and brief intervention (SBI) in the primary care setting, implementation is low. The purpose of this study was to assess associations of primary care clinicians' knowledge of SBI and SUD treatment, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control with intention to incorporate SBI and SUD treatment into regular clinical practice.

The Social Context: Social and Behavioral Factors That Affect Health Outcomes.

To achieve understanding and best care, screening and treating patients should consider the patient's social environment. Social and behavioral factors influence both positive and negative health behaviors that influence mental and physical health. Primary care providers continually navigate barriers faced by patients and seek solutions that take into consideration social and behavioral factors.

Racial, ethnic and gender trends in lung cancer mortality rates in the United States-Mexico border and non-border areas.

Background: Geographic patterns of lung cancer mortality rate differ in the region bordering Mexico in contrast to the US. This study compares lung cancer mortality between border and non-border counties by race/ethnicity and gender.

Methods: This study utilized population-level death certificate data from US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Public Internet Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research dataset between 1999 and 2020.

Gender role beliefs and adolescent pregnancy in Colombia: findings from the 2015 DHS survey.

This study investigated the association between gender role beliefs and the prevalence and likelihood of experiencing pregnancy among 8525 young women and girls aged 13-19 years in Colombia. The primary outcome of interest was adolescent pregnancy. Retrospective cross-sectional analysis utilised data from the 2015 Demographic and Health Survey (DHS) in Colombia, which included an add-on questionnaire on gender relations.

Racial/ethnic variations in alcohol and cigarette use by pregnancy status among 20- to 44-year-old women, NHANES 2001-2018.

Objectives: This study examines alcohol consumption and smoking behaviors by pregnancy status and race/ethnicity in order to inform improved interventions designed to assist women of all races to avoid alcohol and tobacco use during pregnancy for their health and to prevent potential fetal exposure.

Methods: This retrospective secondary data analysis utilized nationally representative National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey data between 2001 and 2018. Smoking and alcohol use were evaluated by race/ethnicity and pregnancy risk.

Depression Among Medical Students in the United States During the COVID-19 Pandemic: The role of Communication Between Universities and Their Students.

Objective: Medical students are vulnerable to stress and depression during medical school and the COVID-19 pandemic may have exacerbated these issues. This study examined whether the risk of depression was associated with COVID-19 pandemic-related medical school communication.

Methods: A 144 - item pilot cross-sectional online survey of medical students in the US, was carried out between September 1, 2020 and December 31, 2020.

Human papillomavirus dose reminder preferences among parents from a diverse clinical sample: a qualitative study.

Reminders are an important method for encouraging patients to return for follow-up visits, such as for successive doses of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. However, patients may have preferences for different types of reminders. This study examined which reminder methods parents of pediatric patients found most useful and their thoughts on how the reminders helped them to complete their children's HPV vaccine series.

Prevalence of Oral Human Papillomavirus Infection: Impact of Sex, Race/Ethnicity, and Vaccination Status.

Background: Prior studies have demonstrated differences in oral human papillomavirus (HPV) prevalence by sex and race/ethnicity. In this study, we examined the impact of vaccination on these disparities.

Methods: We examined participants aged 18-59 years in the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey from 2011 to 2016 who reported their HPV vaccination status and submitted an adequate oral sample (N = 9437).

Intent to get vaccinated against COVID-19 among reproductive-aged women in Texas.

Data are needed on the acceptability of Covid-19 vaccination among young, low-income, diverse populations. To assess this, we surveyed 18-45-year-old women on their intent to be vaccinated, experiences with Covid-19, and uptake of other vaccines. Among the 342 who completed the survey, only one-third were likely to accept the Covid-19 vaccine as soon as it was available.

Social Support Networks and Foreign-Birth Status Associated With Obesity, Hypertension and Diabetes Prevalence Among 21-30 and 50-70 Year Old Adults Living in the San Francisco Bay Area.

Purpose: To examine whether social network characteristics of US-and foreign-born individuals are related to hypertension, diabetes and obesity prevalence.

Design: Cross-sectional.

Setting: Six San Francisco Bay Area counties.

Prevalence of Genital Human Papillomavirus by Age and Race/Ethnicity Among Males.

Background: Genital and oral cancers are often caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) types that can be prevented through HPV vaccination. Since HPV is sexually transmitted, knowledge of penile prevalence of vaccine-type HPV among US males can help predict potential disparities in these cancers. This study examines penile HPV prevalence by age and race/ethnicity among males.

A brief educational intervention can improve nursing students' knowledge of the human papillomavirus vaccine and readiness to counsel.

Provider recommendation is a primary reason for patient uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. Most provider-focused educational interventions are focused on physicians, even though nurses are also important sources of vaccine-related information for their patients. This study examined whether a HPV educational intervention could improve nursing students' HPV knowledge, beliefs, and comfort with counseling.

Quantitative and qualitative assessment of an all-inclusive postpartum human papillomavirus vaccination program.

Background: A postpartum human papillomavirus vaccination program was locally implemented to address low initiation rates among young adults. Within 20 months, the program achieved high vaccine initiation and series completion rates. Based on the program's success, it was expanded to all 36 counties served by a public hospital.

Use of patient navigators to increase HPV vaccination rates in a pediatric clinical population.

A patient navigator (PN) program was implemented in pediatric clinics to increase uptake of the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine. The purpose of this study is to examine the impact of this program. All visits between April 1, 2013 and December 31, 2017 for 9-17 year old patients at 3 program and 5 non-program clinics were examined using electronic medical records.

Reasons Why Young Women in the United States Choose Their Contraceptive Method.

Understanding reasons for birth control method choice may inform interventions that help young women choose the best method for them. The purpose of this study was to examine why young women in the general population select their method of contraception. An online survey was advertised through social media in 2017.

Knowledge, Attitudes, Willingness to Pay, and Patient Preferences About Genetic Testing and Subsequent Risk Management for Cancer Prevention.

Knowledge, attitudes, and patient preferences about genetic testing and subsequent risk management for cancer prevention among average risk populations are understudied, especially among Hispanics. This study was to assess these items by conducting an in-person survey in this understudied population. We conducted in-person surveys using a self-administered, structured questionnaire among young women in 2017.

Geographical disparities in human papillomavirus herd protection.

Background: Human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination has occurred unequally across the United States, potentially contributing to uneven vaccine-type HPV prevalence between regions. We examined whether emerging vaccine-related herd protection exhibits regional differences among unvaccinated girls and women.

Methods: We evaluated the prevalence of vaginal HPV among women 14-59 years of age from 2003 to 2014 using repeated cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Infant vaccination education preferences among low-income pregnant women.

Childhood vaccination is an important public health intervention, yet many children remain under-vaccinated. The objective of this study was to examine infant vaccination education preferences in a population of low-income pregnant women by ethnicity, nativity, and language. Pregnant women 14-44 y old (n = 335) attending a participating low-income reproductive health clinic in southeast Texas from May 26-July 21, 2017, and who completed a paper survey offered in English and Spanish were included.

An educational intervention to improve attitudes regarding HPV vaccination and comfort with counseling among US medical students.

Many medical students are not comfortable recommending the human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccine because they do not feel prepared to discuss it with their patients. A prior study demonstrated that this is particularly a problem among unvaccinated students. Our purpose was to determine if medical student attitudes and comfort with counseling could be improved by attending a single lecture delivered by an expert on the topic.

Knowledge of human papillomavirus among dental providers: A mixed methods study.

Dental professionals are encouraged by the American Dental Association (ADA) to recommend the HPV vaccine to eligible patients. To better understand their comfort level in following this recommendation, we conducted a mixed methods study of dentists and dental hygienists. A total of 173 providers were surveyed and 8 interviewed.

A national study of gender and racial differences in colorectal cancer screening among foreign-born older adults living in the US.

This study examined within group heterogeneity in colorectal cancer screening (CRCS) among foreign-born individuals. Data were from the 2010, 2013 and 2015 National Health Interview Survey data on older adults (N = 5529). In 2018, multivariable logistic regression analysis was conducted to determine whether gender and race/ethnicity were associated with CRCS after controlling for sociodemographic, health access, and acculturation related factors.

Regional variations in human papillomavirus prevalence across time in NHANES (2003-2014).

Introduction: The consequences of low human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination in Census regions with higher incidence of cervical cancer may contribute to continued disparities. Our purpose was to evaluate regional variations in HPV prevalence across time.

Methods: Repeated cross-sectional data from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES), 2003-2014 were examined.

Caregiver acceptance of a patient navigation program to increase human papillomavirus vaccination in pediatric clinics: a qualitative program evaluation.

: The purpose of this evaluation was to examine the acceptability of a multi-component patient navigator (PN) intervention program designed to decrease barriers to human papillomavirus (HPV) vaccination among caregivers of adolescents. We sought to understand the most important components of the program from the caregivers' perspective and to evaluate remaining barriers to vaccination. : Caregivers of children 9-17 years old (N = 102) participated in qualitative semi-structured interviews with questions informed by the Theory of Planned Behavior.

Use and misuse of cosmetic contact lenses among US adolescents in Southeast Texas.

Background: Cosmetic contact lenses (CCL) are popular among adolescents, but incorrect use can harm the eye.

Methods: This study assessed CCL hygiene behaviors among adolescents attending a Texas pediatric clinic. Anonymous surveys about CCL hygiene practices were administered to adolescents 13-18 years old.