Approaches to risk-benefit assessment of seafood consumption: lessons learned from an evidence scan.

Qualitative and quantitative risk-benefit assessments (RBA) can be used to support public health decisions in food safety. We conducted an evidence scan to understand the state of the science regarding RBA in seafood to help inform seafood dietary advice in the United States. We collected published RBA studies assessing seafood consumption, designed inclusion and exclusion criteria to screen these studies, and conducted systematic data extraction for the relevant studies published since 2019.

Safety assessment of Urolithin A, a metabolite produced by the human gut microbiota upon dietary intake of plant derived ellagitannins and ellagic acid.

Urolithins are metabolites produced in the gut following consumption of ellagitannins and ellagic acid rich foods such as pomegranates, nuts and certain berries. Urolithin A (UA) is one of the predominant isoforms of urolithins in humans and has demonstrated compelling biological activities, suggesting potential benefits of direct consumption of UA. However, an evaluation of the safety of direct administration of UA has not yet been published.

Reassessment of MTBE cancer potency considering modes of action for MTBE and its metabolites.

A 1999 California state agency cancer potency (CP) evaluation of methyl tert-butyl ether (MTBE) assumed linear risk extrapolations from tumor data were plausible because of limited evidence that MTBE or its metabolites could damage DNA, and based such extrapolations on data from rat gavage and rat and mouse inhalation studies indicating elevated tumor rates in male rat kidney, male rat Leydig interstitial cells, and female rat leukemia/lymphomas. More recent data bearing on MTBE cancer potency include a rodent cancer bioassay of MTBE in drinking water; several new studies of MTBE genotoxicity; several similar evaluations of MTBE metabolites, formaldehyde, and tert-butyl alcohol or TBA; and updated evaluations of carcinogenic mode(s) of action (MOAs) of MTBE and MTBE metabolite's. The lymphoma/leukemia data used in the California assessment were recently declared unreliable by the U.

Toxicological evaluation of an olive extract, H35: Subchronic toxicity in the rat.

The safety of olive extract H35 containing 35% hydroxytyrosol (HT) was tested in a 90-day oral gavage study in Wistar rats. H35 was administered at 0, 345, 691 and 1381 mg/kg bw/day, equivalent to 0, 125, 250 and 500 mg HT/kg bw/day. Reductions in terminal body weight (9%), and a statistically significant reduction in body weight gain (17%, P < 0.

Egg consumption and cardiovascular disease among diabetic individuals: a systematic review of the literature.

Background: This study reviewed epidemiological and experimental evidence on the relationship between egg consumption and cardiovascular disease (CVD) risks among type II diabetes mellitus (T2DM) individuals, and T2DM risk in nondiabetic subjects.

Results: Four of the six studies that examined CVD and mortality and egg consumption among diabetics found a statistically significant association. Of the eight studies evaluating incident T2DM and egg consumption, four prospective studies found a statistically significant association.

Transactivation of gene expression by NF-κB is dependent on thioredoxin reductase activity.

The redox-sensitive transcription factor NF-κB mediates the expression of genes involved in inflammation and cell survival. Thioredoxin reductase-1 (TR1) and its substrate thioredoxin-1 act together to reduce oxidized cysteine residues within the DNA-binding domain of NF-κB and promote maximal DNA-binding activity in vitro. It is not clear, however, if NF-κB is regulated via this mechanism within living cells.

Thioredoxin reductase-1 knock down does not result in thioredoxin-1 oxidation.

The active site of thioredoxin-1 (Trx1) is oxidized in cells with increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) and is reduced by thioredoxin reductase-1 (TrxR1). The purpose of the present study was to determine the extent to which the redox state of Trx1 is sensitive to changes in these opposing reactions. Trx1 redox state and ROS generation were measured in cells exposed to the TrxR1 inhibitors aurothioglucose (ATG) and monomethylarsonous acid (MMA(III)) and in cells depleted of TrxR1 activity by siRNA knock down.

The structure of DNA dictates purine atom site selectivity in alkylation by primary diazonium ions.

The 1-propanediazonium ion, generated from N'-nitro-N-nitroso-N-propylguanidine in aqueous solutions, was reacted with the purine nucleosides dGuo and dAdo or single-stranded or double-stranded DNA. After nucleobase liberation by acid hydrolysis, the percent yields of products were determined by LC/MS using either isotopically distinct internal standards in the case of the nucleoside reactions or an internal standard and the ratios of response factors of all other products that were separately determined in the case of the reactions with DNA. In the reactions of nucleosides, products of both n-propylation and iso-propylation at all of the heroatoms were observed.