Tailoring implementation of a youth-focused mental health intervention in Sierra Leone using an implementation blueprint methodology.

Background: Identifying contextual factors that might support or hinder implementation of evidence-based mental health interventions for youth in low- and middle- income countries may improve implementation success by increasing the alignment of intervention implementation with local needs and resources. This study engaged community partners in Sierra Leone to: (a) investigate barriers and facilitators to implementing a mental health intervention within Sierra Leone's schools; (b) develop an implementation blueprint to address identified implementation barriers; (c) explore the feasibility of using the implementation blueprint methodology in Sierra Leone.

Methods: We recruited Ministry of Education Officials (n = 2), teachers (n = 15) and principals (n = 15) in Sierra Leone to participate in needs assessment qualitative interviews.

Unpacking the Controversies of Weight Loss and Dietary Restraint With Binge-Eating Disorder: Commentary on Grilo and Pittman.

The study by Grilo and Pittman highlights two related controversies affecting the eating disorders field: (1) Is it ever appropriate to recommend behavioral weight loss (BWL) interventions to patients with binge-eating disorder (BED); and (2) Is dietary restraint beneficial or harmful? This paper explores reasons underlying these controversies and underscores the important nuances within these constructs within the context of Grilo and Pittman's findings. For example, people often subsume BWL as part of the umbrella term "dieting," but extensive research shows clear differences between self-directed "dieting" and BWL intervention on both weight loss efficacy and on eating disorder psychopathology. In addition, it is critical to consider and understand the different types of dietary restraint.

Behavioral weight loss interventions in college health centers: A qualitative analysis of barriers and facilitators to implementation.

Background: Emerging adults are underrepresented in standard behavioral weight loss interventions (BWLIs). Offering BWLIs in college health centers may help to address obesity in emerging adulthood by reducing student barriers associated with participation; however, implementation barriers and facilitators for health centers are unknown.

Methods: Health services center administrators and providers ( = 14) and students eligible to participate in a BWLI ( = 9, average BMI = 29.

Health screenings in college health centers: Variations in practice.

The purpose of this study was to examine the routine screening of female students in college health centers for six priority health-related behaviors and experiences (tobacco use, alcohol use, eating disorders [EDs], obesity, anxiety and depression, intimate partner violence/sexual violence [IPV/SV]), and to identify variations in practice. A nationally representative sample of 1,221 healthcare providers (HCPs), including nurse practitioners, physicians, and physician assistants, from 471 U.S.

Pragmatic Implementation of Online Obesity Treatment and Maintenance Interventions in Primary Care: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Behavioral weight loss interventions have achieved success in primary care; however, to our knowledge, pragmatic implementation of a fully automated treatment that requires little researcher oversight has not been tested. Moreover, weight loss maintenance remains a challenge.

Objective: To evaluate the long-term effectiveness of an automated, online, behavioral obesity treatment program (Rx Weight Loss [RxWL]) at 12 months (primary end point) and 24 months when delivered pragmatically in primary care and to compare the effectiveness of 3 weight loss maintenance approaches.

Leveraging seasonality and timing to optimize pediatric weight management interventions: Novel directions for future research.

National estimates suggest that more than 35% of American children, ages 2-19 years, are overweight or obese, which increases their risk for weight-related comorbidities including diabetes, cancer, cardiovascular disease risk factors, depression, and anxiety. While obesity prevention is most cost-effective, for youth with existing obesity, the United States Preventive Services Task Force recommends ≥26 h of comprehensive lifestyle intervention over 6-12 months. This include standard behavioral therapy, dietary counseling, and an emphasis on physical activity.

A randomized trial examining the effect of yoga on dietary lapses and lapse triggers following behavioral weight loss treatment.

Background: Dietary lapses can hinder weight loss and yoga can improve self-regulation, which may protect against lapses. This study examined the effect of yoga on dietary lapses, potential lapse triggers (e.g.

Health, health behaviors, and medical care utilization among college students with obesity.

The study assessed perceived health, health behaviors and conditions, and medical care utilization among students of different weight categories. Participants were college students ( = 37,583) from 58 institutions who responded to a national survey of student health behaviors. Chi-squared and mixed model analyses were completed.

Weight gain prevention interventions in the Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) trial promote ideal cardiovascular health in young adults.

Objective: Cardiovascular health (CVH) declines in young adulthood. This study assessed whether weight gain prevention interventions promoted ideal CVH.

Methods: Young adults (n = 599; age 18-35 years; BMI: 21.

Life events and stress among young adults in weight gain prevention trial.

Objective: Young adults (YAs) are at high risk for weight gain and show high variability in treatment response. Life events and high perceived stress are common in YAs and could drive less favorable outcomes. The goal was to examine whether life events and stress were related to program engagement and weight outcomes in a weight gain prevention trial for YAs.

Engaging Stakeholders to Adapt an Evidence-Based Family Healthy Weight Program.

Childhood obesity is associated with negative physical and psychosocial outcomes, especially for children from low-income backgrounds. It is critical to adapt evidence-based family healthy weight programs to meet the needs of this population. The Framework for Reporting Adaptations and Modifications to Evidence-Based Interventions was used to describe the process of using qualitative data from community and intervention stakeholders, children with overweight or obesity from low-income backgrounds, and caregivers to guide adaptations to the JOIN for ME pediatric weight management intervention.

Recovery from weight regain among long-term weight loss maintainers in WW.

Objective: This study sought to understand the process and strategies to recover from regain among weight loss maintainers.

Methods: Participants in WeightWatchers (WW; n = 2457) had lost ≥9 kg for ≥1 year and were grouped based on self-reported weight change after maximum loss: sustained maintenance ("Stable"), ups and downs ("Gain-Lose"), and regain ("Gain"). The groups were compared on weight control strategies, and the Gain-Lose and Gain groups reported on attempts to reverse weight regain.

Behaviors and psychological states associated with transitions from regaining to losing weight.

Objective: Little is known about week-to-week recovery from regains following a behavioral weight loss intervention (BWLI). This study examined changes in behaviors, cognitions, and moods associated with transitioning from weight regain to weight loss during the nine-month weight loss maintenance period after a three-month Internet-based BWLI.

Method: Participants ( = 68) self-weighed daily via "smart" scales and answered 40 weekly questionnaires about their weight-related behaviors and psychological states.

Persistent, High Levels of Social Jetlag Predict Poor Weight Outcomes in a Weight Gain Prevention Study for Young adults.

Introduction: Social jetlag (SJL), the discrepancy in sleep timing between weekdays and weekends, is associated with higher BMI and cardiometabolic risk and is common in young adults. We examined whether chronic SJL impacts weight gain in young adults participating in a weight gain prevention trial.

Methods: Young adults (n = 599, age 18-35; BMI: 21.

Traumatic brain injury and post-traumatic stress disorder are not associated with Alzheimer's disease pathology measured with biomarkers.

Introduction: Epidemiological studies report an association between traumatic brain injury (TBI) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and clinically diagnosed Alzheimer's disease (AD). We examined the association between TBI/PTSD and biomarker-defined AD.

Methods: We identified 289 non-demented veterans with TBI and/or PTSD and controls who underwent clinical evaluation, cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) collection, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), amyloid beta (Aβ) and tau positron emission tomography, and apolipoprotein E testing.

Varieties of felt presence? Three surveys of presence phenomena and their relations to psychopathology.

Background: Experiences of felt presence (FP) are well documented in neurology, neuropsychology and bereavement research, but systematic research in relation to psychopathology is limited. FP is a feature of sensorimotor disruption in psychosis, hypnagogic experiences, solo pursuits and spiritual encounters, but research comparing these phenomena remains rare. A comparative approach to the phenomenology of FP has the potential to identify shared and unique processes underlying the experience across these contexts, with implications for clinical understanding and intervention.

Affective responses to overeating episodes in women participating in a behavioral weight loss program.

Background: Much research has focused on precursors to dietary lapses in weight loss programs, but less is known about how individual responses to lapses may influence future non-adherence and program success. The current study examined affective responses to overeating lapses and their influence on subsequent overeating and overall weight loss.

Methods: Women (n = 60) with overweight or obesity (BMI (mean ± SD): 34.

Implementation of the Program for Families from Low-Income Backgrounds: The Use of Theory-Driven Formative Evaluation: Rhode Island CORD 3.0.

Advances have been made in the development of effective interventions to address pediatric obesity; however, research findings often do not translate into clinical practice and a limited number of programs have been designed toward wide-spread dissemination and implementation. The Rhode Island (RI)-Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (CORD) 3.0 Project involves adapting and testing an evidence-based pediatric weight management intervention (PWMI), , for wide-scale dissemination and implementation in communities with a high proportion of families from low-income backgrounds.

Protocol for the Rhode Island CORD 3.0 Study: Adapting, Testing, and Packaging the Family-Based Childhood Obesity Program in Low-Income Communities.

Overweight and obesity in children is a public health crisis in the United States. Although evidence-based interventions have been developed, such programs are difficult to access. Dissemination of evidence-based pediatric weight management interventions (PWMIs) to families from diverse low-income communities is the primary objective of the CDC Childhood Obesity Research Demonstration (CORD) projects.

Patterns of weight change in a weight gain prevention study for young adults.

Objective: Recovery from weight regain is uncommon during weight loss treatment. This study examined whether participants in a weight gain prevention intervention similarly struggle to recover following weight gains and which factors predict transitions.

Methods: This is a secondary analysis of data from the Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP), a randomized controlled trial comparing two weight gain prevention interventions with a control group.

Child and family predictors of relative weight change in a low-income, school-based weight management intervention.

Minority and low-income children are underrepresented in school-based weight management programs despite higher risk of obesity and the external contexts that influence their success are largely unknown. This study examines predictors of weight outcomes following the socioecological model in a school-based weight management intervention implemented in an elementary school serving primarily low-income, Black youth. Children (n = 145; ages 4-9) participated in an 8-month school-based weight management intervention that included components to increase physical activity, promote healthy eating, and engage parents.

Who loses weight in a weight gain prevention program? A comparison of weight losers and weight maintainers at 3 years.

Objective: Despite weight loss challenges in young adulthood, 17% of participants in the Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention (SNAP) weight gain prevention study lost ≥ 5% of their body weight at 3 years. These "weight losers" ( = 88) were compared to "weight maintainers" ( = 143), who successfully prevented weight gains by staying within ± 2.5% of their baseline weight at 3 years.

Making large changes or small changes to prevent weight gain in young adulthood: which is preferred and by whom?

Knowledge of participant treatment preferences can inform decision-making regarding treatment dissemination and future participant adoption. To compare participant perceptions of two evidence-based approaches for weight gain prevention in young adults to identify the intervention with the greatest likelihood of adoption. As part of a randomized trial (Study of Novel Approaches to Weight Gain Prevention [SNAP]; n = 599) testing weight gain prevention interventions in young adults (18-35 years), individuals assigned to self-regulation interventions using either large changes or small changes reported on perceived personal effectiveness and difficulty of treatment over 3 years.