Tocolytics for preterm premature rupture of membranes.

Background: In women with preterm labor, tocolysis has not been shown to improve perinatal mortality; however, it is often given for 48 hours to allow for the corticosteroid effect for fetal maturation. In women with preterm premature rupture of membranes (PPROM), the use of tocolysis is still controversial. In theory, tocolysis may prolong pregnancy in women with PPROM, thereby allowing for the corticosteroid benefit and reducing the morbidity and mortality associated with prematurity.

Cervical length and prediction of preterm delivery.

Purpose Of Review: To present a summary of the literature and most recent advances in the clinical use of cervical length for the prediction of preterm birth.

Recent Findings: Cervical length is predictive of preterm birth in all populations studied, including asymptomatic women with prior cone biopsy, mullerian anomalies, or multiple dilation and evacuations. While cervical length remains the most predictive measurement, funneling may add to its predictive value in certain populations.

Rapid diagnostic testing for HIV. Clinical implications.

There have been many advances in HIV counseling, testing, and referral over the past ten years. One of the most recent advances is the United States Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval of a rapid test. As a result of the availability of rapid diagnostic testing for HIV, practices regarding testing and counseling need to be updated, particularly in time-sensitive situations in which rapid results are crucial.

Rapid diagnostic testing for HIV. Clinical implications.

There have been many advances in HIV counseling, testing, and referral over the past ten years. One of the most recent advances is the United States Food and Drug Administration's (FDA) approval of a rapid test. As a result of the availability of rapid diagnostic testing for HIV, practices regarding testing and counseling need to be updated, particularly in time-sensitive situations in which rapid results are crucial.