Self-Reported Sleep Duration and Quality and Cardiovascular Disease and Mortality: A Dose-Response Meta-Analysis.

Background There is growing evidence that sleep duration and quality may be associated with cardiovascular harm and mortality. Methods and Results We conducted a systematic review, meta-analysis, and spline analysis of prospective cohort studies that evaluate the association between sleep duration and quality and cardiovascular outcomes. We searched MEDLINE and EMBASE for these studies and extracted data from identified studies.

Why I eat at night: A qualitative exploration of the development, maintenance and consequences of Night Eating Syndrome.

Night Eating Syndrome (NES), as a diagnosis, presents as a combination of disordered eating, sleep and mood. Patients identified as having both NES and obesity demonstrate poorer outcomes in terms of weight loss compared to those with NES only. However, research focusing on psychological factors associated with NES remains relatively underdeveloped.

Correlations between night eating, sleep quality, and excessive daytime sleepiness in a severely obese UK population.

Objective: The relationships between night eating, poor sleep quality, and obesity-related comorbidity in a severely obese UK clinic population is unknown. We used validated tools to identify prevalence and to explore this relationship.

Methods: Consecutive consenting clinic attendees completed the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Score (ESS), and Night Eating Questionnaire (NEQ) to identify sleep quality, excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) (a surrogate marker for suspected obstructive sleep apnea [OSA]), and night eating, respectively.

Acute peripheral administration of synthetic human GLP-1 (7-36 amide) decreases circulating IL-6 in obese patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a potential role for GLP-1 in modulation of the diabetic pro-inflammatory state?

Background: To explore the effects of acute administration of GLP-1 and GIP on circulating levels of key adipocyte-derived hormones and gut-brain peptides with established roles in energy and appetite regulation, modulation of insulin sensitivity and inflammation.

Methods: Six obese male patients with diet-treated type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and 6 healthy lean subjects were studied. The protocol included 4 experiments for each participant that were carried out in randomised order and comprised: GLP-1 infusion at a rate of 1 pmol/kg/min for 4h, GIP at a rate of 2 pmol/kg/min, GLP-1+GIP and placebo infusion.

Obesity and diabetes.

Obesity increases the risk of developing type 2 diabetes. Jacqueline Cleator and John Wilding describe treatment strategies including diet, activity, pharmacotherapy and surgery. They argue that nurses need to gain a greater understanding of nutritional management and behavioural psychology in order to contribute effectively to treatment.