MRI and clinical manifestations of delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide poisoning.

To explore the relationship between the clinical manifestations and functional magnetic resonance images of delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide intoxication. Six patients received the MRI were diagnosed with delayed encephalopathy after carbon monoxide (CO) poisoning. Clinical manifestations were observed in each patient.

Microstructural and microglial changes after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in mice.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) is a major public health issue, with recently increased awareness of the potential long-term sequelae of repetitive injury. Although TBI is common, objective diagnostic tools with sound neurobiological predictors of outcome are lacking. Indeed, such tools could help to identify those at risk for more severe outcomes after repetitive injury and improve understanding of biological underpinnings to provide important mechanistic insights.

Sex differences in the effect of progesterone after controlled cortical impact in adolescent mice: a preliminary study.

Object: While progesterone has been well studied in experimental models of adult traumatic brain injury (TBI), it has not been evaluated in pediatric models. The study of promising interventions in pediatric TBI is important because children have the highest public health burden of such injuries. Therapies that are beneficial in adults may not necessarily be effective in the pediatric population.

Chronic gliosis and behavioral deficits in mice following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury.

Object: With the recent increasing interest in outcomes after repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI; e.g., sports concussions), several models of rmTBI have been established.

Complex pattern of interaction between in utero hypoxia-ischemia and intra-amniotic inflammation disrupts brain development and motor function.

Background: Infants born preterm commonly suffer from a combination of hypoxia-ischemia (HI) and infectious perinatal inflammatory insults that lead to cerebral palsy, cognitive delay, behavioral issues and epilepsy. Using a novel rat model of combined late gestation HI and lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation, we tested our hypothesis that inflammation from HI and LPS differentially affects gliosis, white matter development and motor impairment during the first postnatal month.

Methods: Pregnant rats underwent laparotomy on embryonic day 18 and transient systemic HI (TSHI) and/or intra-amniotic LPS injection.

Clinical correlates in an experimental model of repetitive mild brain injury.

Objective: Although there is growing awareness of the long-term cognitive effects of repetitive mild traumatic brain injury (rmTBI; eg, sports concussions), whether repeated concussions cause long-term cognitive deficits remains controversial. Moreover, whether cognitive deficits depend on increased amyloid β deposition and tau phosphorylation or are worsened by the apolipoprotein E4 allele remains unknown. Here, we use an experimental model of rmTBI to address these clinical controversies.

Beneficial effect of amyloid beta after controlled cortical impact.

Background: Worse functional outcomes after controlled cortical impact (CCI) in Bace1(-/-) mice have previously been demonstrated. This study investigated whether reconstitution of amyloid-beta (Aβ) after CCI in Bace1(-/-) animals would reverse the detrimental effect of Bace1 deletion.

Methods: Bace1(-/-) and wild type Bace1(+/+) (C57Bl/6) mice were subjected to CCI (n = 14-23/group) or sham injury (n = 6/group).