Work-Related Physical Discomfort and Ergonomics Among Speech-Language Pathologists Performing Flexible Endoscopic Evaluations of Swallowing.

Purpose: Flexible endoscopic evaluation of swallowing (FEES) is a common component of a comprehensive dysphagia assessment. Endoscopy-related musculoskeletal symptoms resulting from clinician, environment, or equipment factors have been reported among health care professionals. The purpose of this work was to uncover the prevalence and nature of physical discomfort among speech-language pathologists (SLPs) who perform FEES.

Health behaviors predicting risk of obesity in US adults: What does a healthy lifestyle look like?

Objective: The purpose of this study was to examine the association between lifestyle factors and body weight in a nationally representative sample of US adults and to evaluate the association between a novel "Healthy Habits Composite Score (HHCS)" and risk of obesity.

Methods: This cross-sectional study included data from 4870 adults who participated in the 2017-2018 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES). The HHCS was developed based on 4 factors: diet, physical activity, sedentary time, and sleep, all of which were measured during the NHANES.

The 24-hour food frequency assessment screening tool (FAST24): Development and evaluation of a novel dietary screener to identify foods associated with weight change.

Background & Aims: Brief screening questionnaires can identify 'at risk' behaviors in clinical settings. However, there is currently no screener for dietary intake specifically developed using foods associated with body weight change and increased risk for multiple chronic conditions and diseases.

Methods: We developed a novel brief dietary screener, the 24-Hour Food Frequency Assessment Screening Tool Questionnaire (FAST24), to identify intake of foods associated with weight change.

Participation in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children and Dietary Intake in Children: Associations With Race and Ethnicity.

Introduction: Establishing healthy dietary intake in pediatric populations is important for prevention of chronic disease across the lifespan. Federal nutrition assistance programs can support the dietary intake of U.S.

Select Food Group Intake of US Children Aged 2 to 4 Years by WIC Participation Status and Income.

Background: Food group and nutrient priorities for Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) Food Package IV for children aged 2 to 4 years were described in the 2017 review of the WIC Food Package. Research has evaluated priority nutrient intake, but priority food group intake remains unknown.

Objectives: To compare mean intake of priority food groups/subgroups of WIC children to WIC-eligible nonparticipants and higher income children.

Debunking the High Cost of Healthy Diets: Consumer Behavior Predicts Dietary Energy Density in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Adults.

Purpose: Dietary energy density (ED; kcal/g) is an established marker for diet quality and a risk factor for obesity. Previous studies have suggested that low-ED diets cost more than high-ED diets, adding an economic contribution to the obesity epidemic. This study evaluated the relationship between consumer behavior (money spent on food) and dietary energy density in a nationally representative sample of US adults.

Examining Links Between Diet and Lead Exposure in Young Children: 2009 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey.

Objective: Despite recommendations to consume iron-, calcium-, and vitamin C-rich foods for managing blood lead levels (BLLs), limited evidence exists on how specific foods affect children's BLLs. Using data from 12- to 36-month olds (n = 992) from the 2009 to 2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey, we assessed how foods rich in these nutrients associate with BLLs, and with potential inadvertent exposures to cadmium and mercury.

Methods: Food intake was assessed from one 24-hour dietary recall.

Changes in nutrient and food group intakes among children and women participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children: findings from the 2005-2008 and 2011-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys.

Objective: To use nationally representative data to evaluate changes in nutrient and food intakes among children and women participating in the Special Supplemental Nutrition Program for Women, Infants, and Children (WIC) before v. after implementation of the 2009 food package revisions.

Design: Cross-sectional study using National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data.

Assessing the Public's Comprehension of Dietary Guidelines: Use of MyPyramid or MyPlate Is Associated with Healthier Diets among US Adults.

Background: The Dietary Guidelines for Americans (DGA) provide a framework for food and nutrition programming in the United States as well as the foundation for individualized dietary guidance. Public utilization of the DGA, specifically the MyPyramid or MyPlate tool, is not well studied.

Objective: The objective of this study was to evaluate the relationship between public knowledge of the 2010 DGA assessed by use of the MyPyramid or MyPlate dietary plan and various markers of diet intake (including dietary energy density and Food Patterns Equivalents Database component scores) in US adults.

More to gain: dietary energy density is related to smoking status in US adults.

Background: Given the current prevalence of both cigarette use and obesity in the United States, identification of dietary patterns that reduce mortality risk are important public health priorities. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the correlation between cigarette use and dietary energy density, a marker for diet quality, in a population of current smokers, former smokers, and never smokers.

Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 5293 adults who participated in the 2013-2014 National Health and Nutrition Examination Surveys (NHANES) were analyzed.

A Vote for School Lunches: School Lunches Provide Superior Nutrient Quality than Lunches Obtained from Other Sources in a Nationally Representative Sample of US Children.

Childhood obesity is an ongoing public health program. As such, a major public health research objective is to identify potential targets for intervention; one such area is school lunches (SL). The National School Lunch Program (NSLP) serves over 31 million children each day; the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) is uniquely positioned to allow researchers to assess diet quality in federal nutrition assistance programs.

Dietary energy density and obesity: how consumption patterns differ by body weight status.

Purpose: Recent public health messages have advised consumers to lower dietary energy density (ED) for weight management, but it is not known whether the proportion of the diet from low-ED foods is related to weight status. In a nationally representative sample of US adults, we evaluated whether the proportions of dietary energy intake contributed by low- and high-ED foods are associated with body mass index (BMI) and waist circumference (WC).

Methods: Data were from a cross-sectional sample of 9551 adults ≥18 years in the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES).

Disclosing Pleiotropic Effects During Genetic Risk Assessment for Alzheimer Disease: A Randomized Trial.

Background: Increasing use of genetic testing raises questions about disclosing secondary findings, including pleiotropic information.

Objective: To determine the safety and behavioral effect of disclosing modest associations between apolipoprotein E (APOE) genotype and coronary artery disease (CAD) risk during APOE-based genetic risk assessments for Alzheimer disease (AD).

Design: Randomized, multicenter equivalence clinical trial.

Dietary energy density is positively associated with breast density among young women.

Background: Breast density is an established predictor of breast cancer risk, and there is considerable interest in associations of modifiable lifestyle factors, such as diet, with breast density.

Objective: To determine whether dietary energy density (ED) is associated with percent dense breast volume (%DBV) and absolute dense breast volume (ADBV) in young women.

Design: A cross-sectional analysis was conducted with women who participated in the Dietary Intervention Study in Children Follow-Up Study.

Dietary energy density is associated with obesity and other biomarkers of chronic disease in US adults.

Purpose: Given the current prevalence of obesity, it is important to identify dietary factors that may aid in disease prevention. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the association between consumption of an energy-dense diet and established markers factors for chronic disease, including body weight and measures of body fatness.

Methods: Data from a nationally representative sample of 9,551 adults ≥18 years who participated in the 2005-2008 National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey were analyzed.

Methods for calculating dietary energy density in a nationally representative sample.

There has been a growing interest in examining dietary energy density (ED, kcal/g) as it relates to various health outcomes. Consuming a diet low in ED has been recommended in the 2010 Dietary Guidelines, as well as by other agencies, as a dietary approach for disease prevention. Translating this recommendation into practice; however, is difficult.

Is Usual Dietary Pattern Related to the Risk of Developing Breast Cancer?

Dietary patterns capture total diet providing a more comprehensive understanding of the effect of diet on chronic disease risk. Dietary patterns have been associated with several chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disease and selected cancers; however, the association with breast cancer remains unclear. The objective of this review was to examine critically the most recent literature on dietary patterns and breast cancer and report on current results, new developments, and future directions.

Impact of genetic risk assessment on nutrition-related lifestyle behaviours.

Genetic susceptibility testing for common complex disease is a practice that is currently in clinical use. There are two types of gene mutations, and therefore, two varieties of genotype testing: deterministic and susceptibility. As the term suggests, deterministic genes determine whether or not a person will develop a given trait in mendelian fashion, such as Huntington's disease.

Tea consumption is inversely associated with weight status and other markers for metabolic syndrome in US adults.

Purpose: Tea (Camellia sinensis) is a widely consumed beverage, and laboratory and some intervention studies have indicated the potential health benefits of hot tea. The present study examines the association between tea consumption (evaluating hot and iced tea independently) and markers for metabolic syndrome adults in a sample of 6,472 who participated in the 2003-2006 National Health and Nutrition Examination surveys.

Methods: Tea consumption was evaluated using food frequency questionnaires and 24-h dietary recalls.

Dietary energy density is associated with body weight status and vegetable intake in U.S. children.

The objective was to determine the relationship between dietary energy density (ED; kcal/g) and measured weight status in children. The present study used data from a nationally representative sample of 2442 children between 2 and 8 y old who participated in the 2001-2004 NHANES. Survey measures included 24-h dietary recall data, measurement of MyPyramid servings of various food groups, and anthropometry.

Effect of Alzheimer disease genetic risk disclosure on dietary supplement use.

Background: Genetic susceptibility testing for Alzheimer disease (AD) with APOE genotype disclosure is not recommended for clinical use but is available through direct-to-consumer (DTC) genetic testing companies. Little is known about whether APOE genotype disclosure would actually prompt changes in nutrition behaviors among at-risk individuals.

Objective: We studied the effect of APOE genotype disclosure for AD risk assessment on dietary supplement use in adults with a family history of AD.