Micronized fenofibrate normalizes the enhanced lipidemic response to a fat load in patients with type 2 diabetes and optimal glucose control.

This study evaluated the postprandial (PP) response to an oral fat load in 28 male patients with type 2 diabetes (mean HbA1c of 5.1%), all receiving metformin and performing physical exercise, compared with healthy subjects. The effects of micronized fenofibrate (200 mg once daily) on triglycerides (TG) and retinyl palmitate (RP) responses, lipoprotein mass concentrations, post-heparin lipase activities and coagulation factors were investigated after a 16-week double-blind, placebo-controlled period.

[Role of diet in cardiovascular prevention].

Several dietary components increase the risk of ischemic cardiovascular disease: excess dietary cholesterol and fats (especially saturated fats with low mono- and polyunsaturated fatty acid content), deficiency of antioxidants, fibers. These dietary factors modify the levels and the physicochemical structure of plasma lipoproteins and consequently their metabolic activities. Some of them also modify platelet aggregation and endothelial function.

Autosomal dominant type IIa hypercholesterolemia: evaluation of the respective contributions of LDLR and APOB gene defects as well as a third major group of defects.

Autosomal dominant type IIa hypercholesterolaemia (ADH) is characterised by an elevation of total plasma cholesterol associated with increased LDL particles. Numerous different molecular defects have been identified in the LDL receptor (LDLR) and few specific mutations in the apolipoprotein B (APOB) gene resulting in familial hypercholesterolaemia and familial defective apoB-100 respectively. To estimate the respective contribution of LDLR, APOB and other gene defects in this disease, we studied 33 well characterised French families diagnosed over at least three generations with ADH through the candidate gene approach.

Plasma lipoprotein distribution and lipid transfer activities in patients with type IIb hyperlipidemia treated with simvastatin.

The aim of the present study was to search in type IIb hyperlipidemic patients for putative concomitant effects of simvastatin on the physicochemical characteristics of low density lipoproteins (LDL) and high density lipoproteins (HDL), as well as on the activities of the cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) and the phospholipid transfer protein (PLTP) that were determined in both endogenous lipoprotein-dependent and endogenous lipoprotein-independent assays. In a double-blind, randomized trial, patients received either placebo (one tablet/day; n = 12) or simvastatin (20 mg/day; n = 12) for a period of 8 weeks after a 5-week run-in period. Simvastatin, unlike placebo, reduced the lipid and apolipoprotein B contents of the most abundant LDL-1, LDL-2, and LDL-3 subfractions without inducing significant changes in the overall size distribution of LDL and HDL.

Abnormal capacity to induce cholesterol efflux and a new LpA-I pre-beta particle in type 2 diabetic patients.

In this study, we first characterized the lipoprotein components of serum samples obtained from a group of well-controlled diabetic patients and from healthy subjects in fasting and postprandial states. We then explored some aspects of reverse cholesterol transport in the same population. Patients showed high levels of fasting triglycerides, postprandial triglyceride responses and LpC-III levels (3.

Elastin-elastase-atherosclerosis revisited.

This review proposes reinvestigation of a topic studied in the author's laboratory over the last decades concerning the age-dependent modifications of the vascular extracellular matrix (ECM) as related to atherogenesis and its recognized risk-factors: blood lipids, lipoproteins. Most salient previous results are confronted with recent publications in this field. Age-dependent modifications of the vascular wall discussed in this review include upregulation of elastolytic enzymes, demonstrated for the first time in the vascular wall in this laboratory, matrix biosynthesis and receptor function.

Comparison between extra virgin olive oil and oleic acid rich sunflower oil: effects on postprandial lipemia and LDL susceptibility to oxidation.

The aim of our study was to determine whether the minor polar components of virgin olive oil could have favorable effects (1) on fasting and postprandial lipid profile and (2) on low-density lipoprotein (LDL) composition and susceptibility to oxidation in vitro. Ten normolipidic subjects were included in a crossover study (two diet periods of 3 weeks) and received either virgin olive oil (OO diet) or oleic acid rich sunflower oil. An oral fat load was performed at the end of each period.

Role of lipoprotein-bound NEFAs in enhancing the specific activity of plasma CETP in the nephrotic syndrome.

Plasma cholesteryl ester transfer protein (CETP) activity, evaluated by the transfer of radiolabeled cholesteryl esters from a tracer dose of tritiated HDL to the plasma apolipoprotein B-containing lipoproteins, was significantly higher in patients with untreated idiopathic nephrotic syndrome (n = 15) than in normolipidemic control subjects (n = 22) (81.5 +/- 8.4 versus 43.

Mutations at the lipoprotein lipase gene locus in subjects with diabetes mellitus, obesity and lipaemia.

1. The common association of obesity, diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidaemia may have a primary aetiological basis. Insulin resistance has been postulated as a possible cause, but defects in the plasma transport of triacylglycerol or fatty acids could also be primary determinants.

Lipoprotein kinetics in patients with analbuminemia. Evidence for the role of serum albumin in controlling lipoprotein metabolism.

In vitro data suggested that albumin is a key factor controlling apolipoprotein (apo) synthesis by hepatocytes. Studies in analbuminemic rats have shown an increase in secretion of apoB-containing lipoprotein from the liver. We studied the kinetic aspects of apoB- and apoAI-containing lipoprotein metabolism in two sisters with analbuminemia using a constant 14-hour infusion of leucine labeled with stable isotopes.

Oleic acid rich diet protects against the oxidative modification of high density lipoprotein.

Oxidative modifications of lipoproteins could contribute to the development of atherosclerosis, but the influence of dietary fats on high density lipoprotein (HDL) oxidative modification is unknown. This study was designed to determine whether a diet rich in oleic acid could modulate the oxidative modification of HDL3. Twenty two healthy men were randomly placed on a 32-wk crossover study of an oleic acid rich diet supplied by a variant of sunflower oil vs a linoleic acid rich diet provided by conventional sunflower oil.

Lipid-lowering drugs and mitochondrial function: effects of HMG-CoA reductase inhibitors on serum ubiquinone and blood lactate/pyruvate ratio.

1. Statins inhibit synthesis of mevalonate, a precursor of ubiquinone that is a central compound of the mitochondrial respiratory chain. The main adverse effect of statins is a toxic myopathy possibly related to mitochondrial dysfunction.

Prevention of recurrent acute pancreatitis in patients with severe hypertriglyceridemia: value of regular plasmapheresis.

The association between acute pancreatitis and severe hypertriglyceridemia has long been recognized. We report two cases of severe primary hypertriglyceridemia (types 1 and V) with recurrent acute pancreatitis. In both patients, observance of appropriate diet and drug therapy was insufficient.

Increased cholesteryl ester transfer activity in plasma from analbuminemic patients.

Hypercholesterolemia associated with analbuminemia, an inherited disease manifesting low plasma albumin concentration, is characterized by enhanced LDL cholesterol levels and reduced HDL cholesterol levels. In addition, compared with normal counterparts, the esterified cholesterol:triglyceride ratio tends to be higher in analbuminemic apoB-containing lipoproteins and lower in analbuminemic HDL. The aim of the present study was to investigate the mechanism that may account for the association of a hypoalbuminemic state with alterations in the concentration and composition of plasma lipoprotein fractions.

[Homocysteine: relations to ischemic cardiovascular diseases].

Homocysteine, a sulfur-containing amino acid, is an intermediate metabolite of methionine. Patients with homocystinuria and severe hyperhomocysteinemia develop premature arteriosclerosis and arterial thrombotic events, and venous thromboembolism. Studies suggest that moderate hyperhomocysteinemia can be considered as an independent risk factor in the development of premature cardiovascular disease.

Abnormal reverse cholesterol transport in controlled type II diabetic patients. Studies on fasting and postprandial LpA-I particles.

The high incidence and prevalence of coronary heart disease in diabetes mellitus is clearly established. The usual lipid pattern found in type II diabetic patients is a moderate increase in fasting triglyceride levels associated with low HDL cholesterol levels. These abnormalities are further amplified in the postprandial state.

Comparison of fluvastatin versus pravastatin treatment of primary hypercholesterolemia. French Fluvastatin Study Group.

Following a 6-week placebo period, 134 patients with low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) > or = 160 mg/dL and plasma triglyceride < or = 400 mg/dL, despite following a standard lipid-lowering diet, were randomized to double-blind, double-placebo treatment with fluvastatin (22 women, 46 men; age 21-71 years) or pravastatin (25 women, 41 men; age 19-76 years). Fluvastatin at 40 mg and pravastatin at 20 mg were given for the first 4 weeks, both once daily with the evening meal. For the following 12 weeks, fluvastatin at 40 mg twice daily and pravastatin at 40 mg once daily were given with the evening meal.