Publications by authors named "Jacot-Descombes S"
Background: Deletion or mutations of SHANK3 lead to Phelan-McDermid syndrome and monogenic forms of autism spectrum disorder (ASD). SHANK3 encodes its eponymous scaffolding protein at excitatory glutamatergic synapses. Altered morphology of dendrites and spines in the hippocampus, cerebellum, and striatum have been associated with behavioral impairments in Shank3-deficient animal models.
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- - Von Economo neurons (VENs) and fork cells, found in the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) and frontoinsular cortex (FI), play a role in how we process emotions and make decisions by integrating information from the autonomic nervous system (ANS).
- - Familial dysautonomia (FD) is a rare disorder leading to autonomic dysfunction and specific behavioral issues, which overlap with symptoms of autism spectrum disorder, suggesting possible shared pathways in emotional regulation.
- - A study comparing brain samples from FD patients and matched controls revealed changes in the density and distribution of VENs, fork cells, and pyramidal neurons in the ACC and FI, indicating that abnormalities in VENs may contribute to the pathoph
Autism spectrum disorder (ASD) has a major impact on the development and social integration of affected individuals and is the most heritable of psychiatric disorders. An increase in the incidence of ASD cases has prompted a surge in research efforts on the underlying neuropathologic processes. We present an overview of current findings in neuropathology studies of ASD using two investigational approaches, postmortem human brains and ASD animal models, and discuss the overlap, limitations, and significance of each.
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- * This study focuses on Brodmann areas 44 and 45 in the inferior frontal cortex, investigating potential neuropathological differences in patients with autism compared to matched controls, particularly looking at neuron characteristics.
- * The findings indicate that while patients with autism have significantly smaller pyramidal neurons in these areas, there were no changes in neuron numbers or brain layer volumes, suggesting a dysfunction in social and communication-related neural networks.
Reliability of a paralleling instrument for dental radiographs.
Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod
September 1995
The reliability of a paralleling instrument for dental radiographs was retrospectively evaluated in the course of a 6-month clinical study. The angular variation between successive exposures was precisely quantified. Ninety-one percent of the angular variations were below a 1.
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