K & T covariate with V in hemodialysis. As K increases and T decreases, V also decreases.

The authors varied urea clearance (K), dialysis time (T), and ultrafiltration (UF) in 294 hemodialyses on 23 patients and studied changes in urea space (V), determined by total dialysate urea removal. As K increased and UF and T decreased, V also decreased. K, T, and V, thus, covariate and dialysis adequacy, as studied by KT/V is not a simple function of three independent variables.

The effect of alpha-interferon on bone marrow megakaryocytes and platelet production rate in essential thrombocythemia.

In 10 patients with previously untreated essential thrombocythemia (ET), by using 111In-labeled platelets and megakaryocyte morphometry, the relation between platelet production rate and bone marrow megakaryocytes was evaluated before and during alpha-2b-interferon (IFN) therapy. A highly significant decrease in platelet count occurred during IFN therapy; the platelet counts, at baseline and after 2 and 6 months of IFN therapy, were 1,102 +/- 345 x 10(9)/L, 524 +/- 169 x 10(9)/L (P less than .0001), and 476 +/- 139 x 10(9)/L (P less than .

Distribution of penicillin-G and spiramycin to tissue cages and subcutaneous tissue fluid in calves.

Antibacterial drug concentrations in serum, tissue cage fluid (TCF) and subcutaneous tissue fluid (SF), sampled either by filter paper discs or by microcapillaries, were measured after single intramuscular injections of potassium penicillin-G (KPG), procaine penicillin-G (PPG) and spiramycin adipate in calves. Concentration-time curves had essentially similar profiles in serum and SF, but peak levels were lower and occurred later in SF. From approximately four hours after drug administration, penicillin-G levels in SF were similar to levels in serum after KPG as well as after PPG administration.

Identification of cases of myocardial infarction: hospital discharge data and mortality data compared to myocardial infarction community registers.

Identification of incident myocardial infarction (MI) cases in a defined population using hospital discharge data and mortality data in combination has been suggested. This method of case identification was compared to that of use of MI community registers set up in accordance with principles adopted in a World Health Organization collaborative programme. The comparison comprised data for four Swedish cities over a number of years.

Risks, benefits and economic consequences of total hip arthroplasty in an aged population.

An attempt was made to evaluate risks, benefits and costs of total hip replacement in patients over 80 years. Forty consecutive replacements in 37 patients were analysed and the results were compared to a younger population (36 patients) concerning complications and duration of hospitalization. The elderly group was reexamined two years postoperatively to assess the outcome.

Determination of level of antibodies to bovine virus diarrhoea virus (BVDV) in bulk tank milk as a tool in the diagnosis and prophylaxis of BVDV infections in dairy herds.

An indirect ELISA has been evaluated for determination of the level of antibodies to BVDV in individual milk samples and recently in bulk tank milk from dairy herds. As part of an epidemiological study, bulk milk and individual milk samples from all cows in 15 dairy herds were analysed for antibodies to BVDV two times one year apart. There was an excellent correlation between the level of antibodies in the bulk tank milk and the prevalence of BVDV antibody positive cows.

Congenital curly haircoat as a symptom of persistent infection with bovine virus diarrhoea virus in calves.

Ten calves were born small and with a curly haircoat in a dairy herd which comprised approximately 185 milking animals. These calves commonly developed diarrhoea and/or signs of respiratory disease at the age of 2 to 4 weeks. Two of the calves died and 5 were chronically ill and poor doers and were therefore euthanized.

Clinical efficacy of budesonide in the treatment of eczematous external otitis.

Sixty patients with mild to moderate forms of eczematous otitis externa were treated with budesonide and placebo in a double-blind controlled study using parallel groups. Each treatment period was preceded by otomicroscopic examination and thorough cleaning of the ear canal. The symptoms and signs were assessed with a score system ranging from 0 (no symptoms/signs) to 3 (severe symptoms/signs).

Single photomask, multilevel kinoforms in quartz and photoresist: manufacture and evaluation.

Kinoforms manufactured in photoresist by photolithographic techniques using a single, ten-level, grey scale photomask, exposed in a specially designed laser exposure system, are described. Kinoforms designed for uniform as well as for partial Gaussian beam illumination are discussed. The highest measured diffraction efficiency was 55%.

The biological response of selenium in individual erythrocytes and GSH-Px in lambs fed sodium selenite or selenium yeast.

Twenty Swedish Landrace lambs were divided randomly into two equal groups, group I and group O. Group I received approximately 0.1 mg selenium as sodium selenite per day and group O 0.

A comparative study between McKee-Farrar and Charnley arthroplasty with long-term follow-up periods.

One hundred seventy-seven consecutive total hip arthroplasties on 169 patients, 107 with a McKee-Farrar prosthesis and 70 with a Charnley low-friction arthroplasty, were followed in a prospective study. Fifty-five patients (31%) representing 55 hips died during the study period. Four (2%), two McKee-Farrar and two Charnley, were lost to follow-up study.

ADP-induced platelet aggregation as a function of age in healthy humans.

In 120 healthy humans (58 males and 62 females) possible differences in platelet aggregability were investigated with respect to age and sex. By using a narrow range of final ADP concentrations (0.2-1.

Dental replacement resorption after bone grafting to the alveolar cleft.

In a review of 100 consecutively performed bone grafts to the alveolar cleft, replacement resorption was found in 7 teeth adjacent to the cleft. Damage to the periodontal tissues during surgery is considered to be the main cause of this complication: granulation tissue from the bone graft may have some influence. Treatment of the affected teeth eventually includes extraction or surgical removal.

Studies on the bioavailability of tetracycline chloride after oral administration to calves and pigs.

The serum concentrations of tetracycline (TC) were studied in calves after administration in the milk replacer and in pigs after administration in feed and drinking water. Serum concentrations of potential therapeutic value (greater than 1 microgram/ml) were obtained in the calves when TC was fed in the milk replacer at a dose of 25 mg/kg body weight twice daily. Significantly higher serum concentrations were achieved after a single oral dose (50 mg/kg) given in the milk replacer than afer the same dose given as a water drench four hours after the first daily milk feeding.

Concentrations of sulphadimidine, oxytetracycline and penicillin G in serum, synovial fluid and tissue cage fluid after parenteral administration to calves.

Drug concentrations in serum, synovial fluid and tissue cage fluid (TCF) in calves were measured after single i.m. doses of oxytetracycline hydrochloride (OTC), procaine penicillin G (PPG) and potassium penicillin G (KPG) and single i.

[The effect of passive plates on the arrangement of the alveolar arch segments in unilateral total cheilognathopalatoschisis].

Maxillary alveolar arch morphology was studied from birth to palate repair at the age of 19 months in 24 children with complete unilateral cleft lip and palate (UCLP) treated with passive orthopaedic plates (treated children). 18 children with the same defect, who received no orthopaedic treatment, served as controls. The surgical procedures and the age at lip and palate repair were similar.

The influence of flunixin on the response to Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin in calves.

The effects of intravenous injection of 0.5 microgram/kg body weight of Salmonella typhimurium endotoxin were studied in calves. The injection was followed by ruminal stasis and general dullness.

Determination of noscapine and its metabolites in plasma by coupled-column liquid chromatography.

Noscapine, narcotoline and cotarnine were quantified in deproteinized plasma samples by using a coupled-column liquid chromatographic system. The drug and the metabolites were first separated into two groups on a short polar precolumn (-CN) with an acidic mobile phase, containing a low content of acetonitrile. The metabolites were transferred to a hydrophobic analytical column (C18) and separated with a mobile phase containing a counter ion and a co-ion in an acidic buffer with an high acetonitrile content.

Contact allergy to dehydroabietic acid derivatives isolated from Portuguese colophony.

7-oxodehydroabietic acid and 15-hydroxydehydroabietic acid were isolated as their methyl esters from Portuguese colophony of the gum rosin type and identified as contact allergens. Another oxidation product of dehydroabietic acid, 15-hydroxy-7-oxodehydroabietic acid, was synthesized and identified as a component of Portuguese gum rosin. 7-oxodehydroabietic acid was found to a be a grade III allergen according to the GPMT method.

Recurrent and penicillin V-resistant otitis media. A treatment study with amoxycillin/clavulanate and cefaclor.

Clinical and bacteriological studies were performed in 122 children, aged 1-10 years, with recurrent otitis media or failed therapy with phenoxymethyl penicillin. A specimen for bacteriological culture was taken from the nasopharynx in all patients, and in our material Haemophilus influenzae, Branhamella catarrhalis and Streptococcus pneumoniae were equally distributed, each forming one-third of the total bacterial count. Thus, H.