Fragrance administration to reduce anxiety during MR imaging.

Fifty-seven outpatients received either heliotropin (a vanillalike scent) with humidified air (n = 20) or humidified air alone (n = 37) via a nasal cannula during magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnostic workup for cancer. Delivery of heliotropin and air was determined by a computer-controlled schedule. Fragrance administration resulted in a statistically significant reduction in average overall patient-rated anxiety (on a visual analog scale) during imaging in patients who found the fragrance moderately to extremely pleasant.

(S)-4-carboxy-3-hydroxyphenylglycine, an antagonist of metabotropic glutamate receptor (mGluR) 1a and an agonist of mGluR2, protects against audiogenic seizures in DBA/2 mice.

The in vivo anticonvulsant effects and in vitro metabotropic glutamate receptor selectivity of (S)-4-carboxy-3-hydroxy-phenylglycine [(S)-4C3HPG] were examined. Intracerebroventricular injection of (S)-4C3HPG dose-dependently antagonized audiogenic-induced clonic and tonic convulsions in DBA/2 mice with ED50 values of 76 and 110-nmol per mouse, respectively. (S)-4C3HPG dose-dependently inhibited the spontaneously evoked epileptic spikes in a cingulate cortex-corpus callosum slice preparation.

A multiple-language health history for dental practice.

A uniform health history form in seven languages, plus English, is presented. They may be copied for use by private practitioners, with the English form as a standard reference for the dentist.

Coping with chemotherapy for breast cancer.

Relations among coping, physical symptoms, and affect were investigated in 43 women undergoing adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Patients were assessed at the same point in their treatment so that the time for which coping was reported would be equivalent across individuals. Patients were asked how they coped specifically with chemotherapy, rather than how they coped with cancer in general, to make the domain specific.

Isolation of Theileria parva (SAO Hill) and Theileria parva (West Kilimanjaro) and their cross-immunity with Theileria parva (Kasoba).

Two Theileria parva stocks were isolated from control cattle during East Cost fever (ECF) field immunization trials at SAO Hill and West Kilimanjaro in the southern and northern parts of Tanzania respectively. Both parasite stocks caused severe clinical ECF which required antitheilerial treatment for 3 of the 5 experimentally infected cattle. Cattle recovering from infection with the two T.

The elastic modulus of dentine determined by static and dynamic methods.

The purpose of this investigation was to determine a static elastic modulus of dentine using a three point beam test and a dynamic modulus in the frequency range of 0.1 Hz and 10 Hz across a temperature range of 27-37 degrees C. At body temperature, the mean static modulus was 8.

Anticipatory anxiety in women receiving chemotherapy for breast cancer.

This study examined (a) the prevalence and course of anxiety before the 1st 6 infusions of cancer chemotherapy and (b) the contribution of trait anxiety, side effect expectations, and prior occurrence of posttreatment side effects to anxiety before infusions. Fifty-three women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer participated. Anxiety was most prevalent and intense before the 1st infusion.

Formation of food aversions in cancer patients receiving repeated infusions of chemotherapy.

Patients receiving emetogenic chemotherapy for cancer have been found to develop aversions to normal dietary items consumed in close temporal relation to treatment administrations. These aversions are presumed to develop via conditioning processes as demonstrated in experimental studies of food aversion learning. The present study used a prospective, longitudinal design to evaluate the possible role of conditioning in the formation of aversions to normal dietary items in women receiving adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer.

Mixed solvent exposure and hearing impairment: an epidemiological study of 3284 men. The Copenhagen male study.

Animal experiments and human studies have indicated an effect on auditory functions from exposure to organic solvents. In this study the relationship between self-assessed hearing problems and occupational exposure to solvents was investigated in a cross-sectional design with 3284 participating men aged 53-74 years. Exposure to solvents for five years or more resulted in an adjusted relative risk (RR) for hearing impairment of 1.

An adaptive finite-element approach for the analysis of dental restorations.

The present paper deals with the problem of stresses generated during the setting process of polymer tooth fillings. A finite element procedure capable of accurately predicting the stresses along an interface between two different materials is presented. Adaptation of the finite element mesh is carried out based on a simple error estimator.

A multiple language health history for dental practice.

A uniform health history form in seven languages, plus English, is presented. They may be copied for use by private practitioners, with the English form as a standard referrant for the dentist.

Treatment adherence difficulties among children with cancer: the role of parenting style.

Investigated the prevalence of treatment adherence problems among children undergoing cancer treatment and explored the relationship of sociodemographic factors, child functional status, and parenting style to these difficulties. Nurse ratings of adherence difficulties encountered during the cancer treatment regimen were completed on 77 children and their caregivers. A subset of caregivers also completed a measure of parenting attitudes and practices.

TaqI polymorphism of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene in Caucasoids and Japanese.

Genetic polymorphism of the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor gene following Taq I digestion was compared between samples of genomic DNA from glioma-derived cell lines and Caucasoid and Japanese subjects. The same three allelic forms of the EGF receptor gene, marked by variant fragments of approximately 12.8, 11.

The antiparkinsonian agent budipine is an N-methyl-D-aspartate antagonist.

Budipine (1-t-butyl-4,4-diphenylpiperidine) is a novel antiparkinsonian agent. Its clinical efficacy has been proven in double-blind placebo-controlled trials. The mechanism of action of budipine, however, is unknown.

Comparison of basic fibroblast growth factor in X-linked dystrophin-deficient myopathies of human, dog and mouse.

Binding of polyclonal antibodies specific for bFGF was examined in tissue sections of myopathic and normal muscles from humans, dogs and mice. The proposal tested was that differences in the amount or distribution of bFGF in muscles of the 3 species, might correlate with the limited muscle regeneration seen in humans and dogs afflicted with x-linked muscular dystrophy, in contrast with the sustained new muscle formation in mdx mice with the homologous myopathy. There was a striking difference between the species in the binding of bFGF antibodies to extracellular matrix, particularly at the periphery of myofibres; binding was pronounced in mouse but weak or absent in human and dog muscle.

An experimental analysis of classically conditioned nausea during cancer chemotherapy.

This study investigated classical conditioning in women undergoing outpatient adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer. Breast cancer chemotherapy outpatients were randomly assigned either to an Experimental Group (exposed to a distinctive stimulus before each infusion of chemotherapy) or to a Control Group. After repeated infusions of chemotherapy, patients' responses to the experimental stimulus were assessed in a location not associated with chemotherapy.

High performance liquid chromatography with multiwavelength detection: a technique for identification of iodinated x-ray contrast agents in human body fluids and brain tissue.

Purpose: Several cases of a severe adverse reaction, referred to as "ascending tonic-clonic seizure syndrome," have been reported after administration of water-soluble iodinated x-ray contrast agents for myelographic examinations. Because of the bizarre reactions, the identities of the causative contrast media were questioned.

Methods: Analyses of biologic materials from four of these patients were performed by using reverse-phase high-performance liquid chromatography.

Computerized cephalometric orthognathic surgical simulation, prediction and postoperative evaluation of precision.

A new computerized, cephalometric, orthognathic surgical program (TIOPS) has been evaluated in surgical simulation, prediction and postoperative assessment of precision. Records of 10 consecutive patients admitted for orthognathic surgical treatment were analysed and prediction plans produced by computerized surgical simulation. Predicted and postoperative positions of maxilla and mandible were compared with linear and angular measurements.

Luting agents for ceramic and polymeric inlays and onlays.

The requirements for luting agents for ceramic and polymeric inlays and onlays are reviewed and discussed. The current overriding consideration seems to be the chemical adhesion of the restoration to tooth substance and this is challenged as being an overambitious goal. The systems in use are principally the dual cure resin based cements and these have some disadvantages such as restricted and slow cure, chemical degradation and, most importantly, shrinkage on setting.

Treatment related psychological distress during adjuvant chemotherapy as a conditioned response.

Patients receiving cycles of cytotoxic chemotherapy for cancer often experience noxious side effects following treatments and may develop classically conditioned side effects, such as anticipatory nausea and vomiting (ANV) during the course of repeated infusions. The present study explored the possibility that classical conditioning processes may also contribute to treatment related psychological distress. Sixty-six patients, scheduled for adjuvant chemotherapy for breast cancer (stages I, II, IIIa), agreed to participate.