Sharing the agenda: pondering the politics and practices of occupational therapy research.

Aims: Occupational therapists espouse a client-centred philosophy of practice, yet little attention has been given to pondering the politics or client-centred practices of occupational therapy research. The aim of this paper is thus to foster reflection on occupational therapy's commitment to client-centredness in the practice of occupational therapy research.

Major Findings: Occupational therapy research is not consistently undertaken in a collaborative manner.

Ruminant mycotoxicosis.

Ruminants have the capacity to utilize some mycotoxin contaminated feedstuffs without impact on production or carry-over tissue residues. Despite large investments in crop development to diminish mold invasion and mycotoxin production, grain facilities to dry and store cereals, and use of alternative processing, mycotoxins frequently occur at elevated concentrations that affect ruminants. Fungal invasion by molds can occur in stored forages, silages, and wet bales and toxicity of these mold related mycotoxins is often poorly characterized.

Methodological challenges in hip fracture registration: the Harstad Injury Registry.

The aim of the study was to evaluate a hospital-based injury recording system on hip fracture registration in elderly persons aged + 65 years from 1994 through 2008, and to examine the agreement between the number of validated fractures and the number of fractures reported to the Norwegian Patient Registry using three different sources: (1) Medical records, (2) Patient administrative system and (3) The hospital's hip fracture record to the Norwegian Patient Registry from 2002 through 2008. The injury recording system included 582 hip fracture events and 535 (92%) were confirmed through the medical records. Reasons for non-verification were different coding failures.

Unliganded progesterone receptors attenuate taxane-induced breast cancer cell death by modulating the spindle assembly checkpoint.

Whether the presence of steroid receptors in luminal breast cancers renders them resistant to taxanes remains uncertain. Here we assess the role of progesterone receptors (PR) on taxane-induced cell death. We previously showed that estrogen receptor (ER)-positive human breast cancer cells that inducibly express PR-A or PR-B isoforms were protected from taxane-stimulated apoptosis when compared to the identical cells lacking PR.

Expression of C4.4A, a structural uPAR homolog, reflects squamous epithelial differentiation in the adult mouse and during embryogenesis.

The glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI)-anchored C4.4A was originally identified as a metastasis-associated protein by differential screening of rat pancreatic carcinoma cell lines. C4.

Detection of Mycoplasma bovis by in-situ hybridization and expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase, nitrotyrosine and manganese superoxide dismutase in the lungs of experimentally-infected calves.

Pneumonic lesions occurring in calves after respiratory infection with Mycoplasma bovis are characterized by subacute or chronic suppurative bronchopneumonia with multiple foci of necrosis and by persistence of M. bovis antigen, which is frequently associated with phagocytes at the periphery of the necrotic foci. The aims of this study were: (1) to investigate the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), nitrotyrosine (NT) and manganese superoxide dismutase (Mn-SOD) in the lung lesions of calves infected experimentally with M.

Serum osteoprotegerin levels are related to height loss: the Tromsø Study.

Severe loss of body height is often a consequence of osteoporotic vertebral fractures. Osteoprotegerin (OPG) and receptor activator of nuclear factor-kB ligand (RANKL) are cytokines essential for the regulation of bone resorption. The aim of this study was to assess the relationship between the OPG/RANKL system and height loss.

Body mass index and mortality in elderly men and women: the Tromso and HUNT studies.

Background: The impact of body mass index (BMI; kg/m(2)) and waist circumference (WC) on mortality in elderly individuals is controversial and previous research has largely focused on obesity.

Methods: With special attention to the lower BMI categories, associations between BMI and both total and cause-specific mortality were explored in 7604 men and 9107 women aged ≥ 65 years who participated in the Tromsø Study (1994-1995) or the North-Trøndelag Health Study (1995-1997). A Cox proportional hazards model adjusted for age, marital status, education and smoking was used to estimate HRs for mortality in different BMI categories using the BMI range of 25-27.

Tracking the Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation through the last 8,000 years.

Understanding the internal ocean variability and its influence on climate is imperative for society. A key aspect concerns the enigmatic Atlantic Multidecadal Oscillation (AMO), a feature defined by a 60- to 90-year variability in North Atlantic sea-surface temperatures. The nature and origin of the AMO is uncertain, and it remains unknown whether it represents a persistent periodic driver in the climate system, or merely a transient feature.

Hip fractures in a city in Northern Norway over 15 years: time trends, seasonal variation and mortality : the Harstad Injury Prevention Study.

Unlabelled: In this open population-based study from Northern Norway, there was no increase in hip fracture incidence in women and men from 1994 to 2008. Age-adjusted hip fracture rates was lower compared to reported rates from the Norwegian capital Oslo, indicating regional differences within the country.

Introduction: The aim of the present population-based study was to describe age- and sex-specific incidence of hip fractures in a Northern Norwegian city, compare rates with the Norwegian capital Oslo, describe time trends in hip fracture incidence, place of injury, seasonal variation and compare mortality after hip fracture between women and men.

Polymorphisms in NF-κB, PXR, LXR, PPARγ and risk of inflammatory bowel disease.

Aim: To investigate the contribution of polymorphisms in nuclear receptors to risk of inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).

Methods: Genotypes of nuclear factor (NF)-κB (NFKB1) NFκB -94ins/del (rs28362491); peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR)-γ (PPARγ) PPARγ Pro12Ala (rs 1801282) and C1431T (rs 3856806); pregnane X receptor (PXR) (NR1I2) PXR A-24381C (rs1523127), C8055T (2276707), and A7635G (rs 6785049); and liver X receptor (LXR) (NR1H2) LXR T-rs1405655-C and T-rs2695121-C were assessed in a Danish case-control study of 327 Crohn's disease patients, 495 ulcerative colitis (UC) patients, and 779 healthy controls. Odds ratio (OR) and 95% CI were estimated by logistic regression models.

Common polymorphisms in the microsomal epoxide hydrolase and N-acetyltransferase 2 genes in association with inflammatory bowel disease in the Danish population.

Introduction: Chronic inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is characterized by recurrent inflammation of the intestinal mucosa. Reactive molecules play a central role in altering the intestinal permeability, which may induce or sustain an immune response. Changes in detoxification of substances that causes epithelial damage may confer susceptibility to IBD.

An immunohistochemical method to study breast cancer cell subpopulations and their growth regulation by hormones in three-dimensional cultures.

The development of in vitro three-dimensional cell culture matrices offers physiologically relevant alternatives to traditional culture on plastic surfaces. However methods to analyze cell subpopulations therein are poor. Here we present a simple and inexpensive method to analyze cell subpopulations in mixed-cell colonies using standard immunohistochemical (IHC) techniques.

Tracking of leisure time physical activity during 28 yr in adults: the Tromsø study.

Purpose: Physical activity plays an important role in the prevention of many serious diseases. To develop targeted strategies that encourage physical activity, knowledge of stability of physical activity levels over time is essential. The aim of this study was to examine tracking of leisure time physical activity in adults in Northern Norway during three decades.

Risk of malnutrition and health-related quality of life in community-living elderly men and women: the Tromsø study.

Purpose: To explore the association between risk of malnutrition as well as current body mass index (BMI) and health-related quality of life (HRQoL) in elderly men and women from the general population.

Methods: In a cross-sectional population survey including 1,632 men and 1,654 women aged 65 to 87 years from the municipality of Tromsø, Norway, we assessed HRQoL by using the EuroQol (EQ-5D) instrument in three risk groups of malnutrition and in different categories of BMI. The Malnutrition Universal Screening Tool ('MUST') was used to evaluate the risk of malnutrition.

Clip closure versus endoscopic suturing versus thoracoscopic repair of an iatrogenic esophageal perforation: a randomized, comparative, long-term survival study in a porcine model (with videos).

Background: Esophageal full-thickness wall repair is an important but unsolved issue in endoscopy. It is unknown how well endoscopic clip closure (ECC) and endoscopic closure with suturing (ECS) perform compared with the criterion standard of thoracoscopic closure (TC).

Objective: Comparison of technical success, feasibility, long-term patency, complications, and histological quality of the different closure techniques (ECC, ECS, TC) for esophageal perforations.

Tissue-specific pathways for estrogen regulation of ovarian cancer growth and metastasis.

Menopausal estrogen (E2) replacement therapy increases the risk of estrogen receptor (ER)-positive epithelial ovarian cancers (EOC). Whether E2 is tumorigenic or promotes expansion of undiagnosed preexisting disease is unknown. To determine E2 effects on tumor promotion, we developed an intraperitoneal mouse xenograft model using ZsGreen fluorescent ER(-) 2008 and ER(+) PEO4 human EOC cells.

Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) polymorphisms and risk of inflammatory bowel disease in a Scottish and Danish case-control study.

Background: Inflammatory bowel diseases (IBDs) are a result of interactions between luminal pathogens and the intestinal immune response. Cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) plays a key role in the regulation of the inflammatory response upon stimulation by luminal pathogens via Toll-like receptors.

Methods: Genotypes of the COX-2/PTGS2/PGHS2 A-1195G (rs689466), G-765C (rs20417), and T8473C (rs5275) polymorphisms were assessed in a Scottish and Danish case-control study including 732 Crohn's disease (CD) cases, 973 ulcerative colitis (UC) cases, and 1157 healthy controls using logistic regression.

[Efficient treatment of hypercalcaemia in neonatal subcutaneous fat necrosis].

This is a description of two cases of subcutaneous fat necrosis due to asphyxia in two newborns, and associated hypercalcaemia. Treatment with intravenous pamidronate 0.5 mg/kg for three days was very successful and well-tolerated.

Smoking is a strong risk factor for non-vertebral fractures in women with diabetes: the Tromsø Study.

Unlabelled: In this longitudinal study of 4,160 postmenopausal women (3,947 without and 213 with self-reported diabetes), smoking was strongly related to fracture risk in those with diabetes.

Introduction: Smoking is related to low bone mass and increased risk of fracture risk in postmenopausal women of the general population. The aim of the present longitudinal population-based study was to examine the effect of smoking on the risk of non-vertebral fractures in women ≥ 55 years of age, with specific focus on its relationship with diabetes.

BMI change is associated with fracture incidence, but only in non-smokers. The Tromsø Study.

Unlabelled: Few studies have examined the association between body mass index (BMI) change and fracture in a general population. We observed that BMI loss was associated with increased fracture risk in non-smoking men and women, but not in smokers. BMI gain was associated with decreased fracture risk in women.

Coupled 182W-142Nd constraint for early Earth differentiation.

Recent high precision (142)Nd isotope measurements showed that global silicate differentiation may have occurred as early as 30-75 Myr after the Solar System formation [Bennett V, et al. (2007) Science 318:1907-1910]. This time scale is almost contemporaneous with Earth's core formation at approximately 30 Myr [Yin Q, et al.

The polymorphism rs3024505 proximal to IL-10 is associated with risk of ulcerative colitis and Crohns disease in a Danish case-control study.

Background: Crohn's disease (CD) and ulcerative colitis (UC) are characterized by a dysregulated inflammatory response to normal constituents of the intestinal flora in the genetically predisposed host. Heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1/HMOX1) is a powerful anti-inflammatory and anti-oxidant enzyme, whereas the pro-inflammatory interleukin 1 beta (IL-1 beta/IL1B) and anti-inflammatory interleukin 10 (IL-10/IL10) are key modulators for the initiation and maintenance of inflammation. We investigated whether single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the IL-1 beta, IL-10, and HO-1 genes, together with smoking, were associated with risk of CD and UC.