A multimodal zebrafish developmental atlas reveals the state-transition dynamics of late-vertebrate pluripotent axial progenitors.

Elucidating organismal developmental processes requires a comprehensive understanding of cellular lineages in the spatial, temporal, and molecular domains. In this study, we introduce Zebrahub, a dynamic atlas of zebrafish embryonic development that integrates single-cell sequencing time course data with lineage reconstructions facilitated by light-sheet microscopy. This atlas offers high-resolution and in-depth molecular insights into zebrafish development, achieved through the sequencing of individual embryos across ten developmental stages, complemented by reconstructions of cellular trajectories.

Semaphorin7A patterns neural circuitry in the lateral line of the zebrafish.

In a developing nervous system, axonal arbors often undergo complex rearrangements before neural circuits attain their final innervation topology. In the lateral line sensory system of the zebrafish, developing sensory axons reorganize their terminal arborization patterns to establish precise neural microcircuits around the mechanosensory hair cells. However, a quantitative understanding of the changes in the sensory arbor morphology and the regulators behind the microcircuit assembly remain enigmatic.

Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) expression in patients with adenomyosis.

Objective: To compare Transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1) expression in patients with and without adenomyosis.

Methods: A prospective design was performed including 49 patients submitted to hysterectomy. Immunohistochemistry was performed on anatomopathological samples staged in paraffin blocks from patients with and without adenomyosis.

Leading Change at Berkeley Public Health: Building the Anti-racist Community for Justice and Social Transformative Change.

A transformative change grounded in a commitment to antiracism and racial and health equity is underway at the University of California, Berkeley, School of Public Health. Responding to a confluence of national, state, and local circumstances, bold leadership, and a moral and disciplinary imperative to name and address racism as a root cause of health inequities, our community united around a common vision of becoming an antiracist institution. Berkeley Public Health has a long history of efforts supporting diversity, equity, inclusion, belonging, and justice.

Mortality trends of breast and cervical cancer in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul: an analysis by age and schooling, 1999-2019.

Objective: to analyze the temporal trend of mortality due to malignant neoplasms of the breast and cervix from 1999 to 2019 in Passo Fundo, Rio Grande do Sul, Brazil.

Methods: this was a time-series study based on data from the Mortality Information System; standardized rates were calculated according to age and schooling, and the temporal trend was assessed using Prais-Winsten regression.

Results: the overall mortality coefficients for cervical cancer (β = -0.

One hundred years of rent control in Argentina: much ado about nothing.

Following World War I, rent control became a standard policy response to the housing shortage and the resulting rent increases. Typically, economists blame it for creating inefficiencies in the housing market and beyond. We investigate whether rental market regulations (including rent control, protection of tenants from eviction, and housing rationing) had any effects in a middle-income Latin American economy, such as Argentina.

Geranylgeraniol and Green Tea Polyphenols Mitigate Negative Effects of a High-Fat Diet on Skeletal Muscle and the Gut Microbiome in Male C57BL/6J Mice.

Natural bioactive compounds are proposed as alternatives in mitigating obesity-associated skeletal muscle dysfunction. The objective of this study was to test the hypothesis that the combination of geranylgeraniol (GGOH) and green tea polyphenols (GTPs) can alleviate high-fat-diet (HFD)-induced muscle atrophy and alter gut microbiome composition. Male C57BL/6J mice fed an HFD were assigned to four groups (12 mice each) in a 2 (no GGOH vs.

Conversational Physical Activity Coaches for Spanish and English Speaking Women: A User Design Study.

Digital technologies, including text messaging and mobile phone apps, can be leveraged to increase people's physical activity and manage health. Chatbots, powered by artificial intelligence, can automatically interact with individuals through natural conversation. They may be more engaging than one-way messaging interventions.

The complete mitochondrial genome of the strawberry aphid Cockerell, 1901 (Hemiptera: Aphididae) from California, USA.

The aphid Cockerell, 1901 is an agricultural pest and known vector of strawberry viruses. To better understand its biology and systematics, we performed a genomic analysis on collected from Quinalt strawberry plants from Pacific Grove, Monterey county, California, USA using Oxford Nanopore and Illumina sequencing. The resulting data were used to assemble the aphids complete mitogenome.

Mechanochemical symmetry breaking during morphogenesis of lateral-line sensory organs.

Actively regulated symmetry breaking, which is ubiquitous in biological cells, underlies phenomena such as directed cellular movement and morphological polarization. Here we investigate how an organ-level polarity pattern emerges through symmetry breaking at the cellular level during the formation of a mechanosensory organ. Combining theory, genetic perturbations, and imaging, we study the development and regeneration of the fluid-motion sensors in the zebrafish's lateral line.

Dual regulation of planar polarization by secreted Wnts and Vangl2 in the developing mouse cochlea.

Planar cell polarity (PCP) proteins localize asymmetrically to instruct cell polarity within the tissue plane, with defects leading to deformities of the limbs, neural tube and inner ear. Wnt proteins are evolutionarily conserved polarity cues, yet Wnt mutants display variable PCP defects; thus, how Wnts regulate PCP remains unresolved. Here, we have used the developing cochlea as a model system to show that secreted Wnts regulate PCP through polarizing a specific subset of PCP proteins.

Notch-Mediated Determination of Hair-Bundle Polarity in Mechanosensory Hair Cells of the Zebrafish Lateral Line.

The development of mechanosensory epithelia, such as those of the auditory and vestibular systems, results in the precise orientation of mechanosensory hair cells. After division of a precursor cell in the zebrafish's lateral line, the daughter hair cells differentiate with opposite mechanical sensitivity. Through a combination of theoretical and experimental approaches, we show that Notch1a-mediated lateral inhibition produces a bistable switch that reliably gives rise to cell pairs of opposite polarity.

FGF2 Induces Migration of Human Bone Marrow Stromal Cells by Increasing Core Fucosylations on N-Glycans of Integrins.

Since hundreds of clinical trials are investigating the use of multipotent stromal cells (MSCs) for therapeutic purposes, effective delivery of the cells to target tissues is critical. We have found an unexplored mechanism, by which basic fibroblast growth factor (FGF2) induces expression of fucosyltransferase 8 (FUT8) to increase core fucosylations of N-linked glycans of membrane-associated proteins, including several integrin subunits. Gain- and loss-of-function experiments show that FUT8 is both necessary and sufficient to induce migration of MSCs.

Connectomics of the zebrafish's lateral-line neuromast reveals wiring and miswiring in a simple microcircuit.

The lateral-line neuromast of the zebrafish displays a restricted, consistent pattern of innervation that facilitates the comparison of microcircuits across individuals, developmental stages, and genotypes. We used serial blockface scanning electron microscopy to determine from multiple specimens the neuromast connectome, a comprehensive set of connections between hair cells and afferent and efferent nerve fibers. This analysis delineated a complex but consistent wiring pattern with three striking characteristics: each nerve terminal is highly specific in receiving innervation from hair cells of a single directional sensitivity; the innervation is redundant; and the terminals manifest a hierarchy of dominance.

An In Toto Approach to Dissecting Cellular Interactions in Complex Tissues.

Single-cell measurements have broadened our understanding of heterogeneity in biology, yet have been limited to mostly observational studies of normal or globally perturbed systems. Typically, perturbations are utilized in an open-ended approach wherein an endpoint is assayed during or after the biological event of interest. Here we describe ShootingStar, a platform for perturbation analysis in vivo, which combines live imaging, real-time image analysis, and automated optical perturbations.

Logarithmic expansion of LGR5 cells in human colorectal cancer.

Stem cells of the small and large intestine are marked by expression of the Wnt target gene LGR5, a leucine-rich-repeat-containing G protein-coupled receptor. Previous studies reported increased expression of LGR5 in human colorectal cancer (CRC) compared to normal tissue either by immunohistochemistry or in situ hybridization (ISH). However, as these studies were semi-quantitative they did not provide a numerical estimate of the magnitude of this effect.

Elastic force restricts growth of the murine utricle.

Dysfunctions of hearing and balance are often irreversible in mammals owing to the inability of cells in the inner ear to proliferate and replace lost sensory receptors. To determine the molecular basis of this deficiency we have investigated the dynamics of growth and cellular proliferation in a murine vestibular organ, the utricle. Based on this analysis, we have created a theoretical model that captures the key features of the organ's morphogenesis.

The time course of short-term hypertrophy in the absence of eccentric muscle damage.

Background: It has been proposed that the increase in skeletal muscle mass observed during the initial weeks of initiating a resistance training program is concomitant with eccentric muscle damage and edema.

Purpose: We examined the time course of muscle hypertrophy during 4 weeks of concentric-only resistance training.

Methods: Thirteen untrained men performed unilateral concentric-only dumbbell curls and shoulder presses twice per week for 4 weeks.

Reaction-diffusion model of hair-bundle morphogenesis.

The hair bundle, an apical specialization of the hair cell composed of several rows of regularly organized stereocilia and a kinocilium, is essential for mechanotransduction in the ear. Its precise organization allows the hair bundle to convert mechanical stimuli to electrical signals; mutations that alter the bundle's morphology often cause deafness. However, little is known about the proteins involved in the process of morphogenesis and how the structure of the bundle arises through interactions between these molecules.

Effect of prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) and sildenafil on serotonin metabolism and some oxidative damage markers in rat prostate gland and brain.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of sildenafil and prostaglandin E1 (PGE1) (drugs used in erectile dysfunction) on production of free radicals in prostate and brain of rat. A single dose of sildenafil (10 mg kg(-1) ) and PGE1 (20 μg kg(-1) ) was given to Sprague-Dawley rats (300 g weight) intraperitoneally. The levels of testosterone were measured in blood.

Clinical implications of late mitral valve regurgitation appearance in the follow-up of heart transplantation.

Background: Tricuspid regurgitation is frequently observed after orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT), in association with severe pulmonary hypertension. However, the incidence of left-sided valvular disease has not been addressed.

Aim: We analyzed the incidence and prognostic implications of left-sided valve disease in 141 patients after OHT.

Phase-space structure of two-dimensional excitable localized structures.

In this work we characterize in detail the bifurcation leading to an excitable regime mediated by localized structures in a dissipative nonlinear Kerr cavity with a homogeneous pump. Here we show how the route can be understood through a planar dynamical system in which a limit cycle becomes the homoclinic orbit of a saddle point (saddle-loop bifurcation). The whole picture is unveiled, and the mechanism by which this reduction occurs from the full infinite-dimensional dynamical system is studied.

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria in two siblings.

Congenital erythropoietic porphyria is a very rare autosomal recessive disease, with mutation in the gene that codifies uroporphyrinogen-III synthetase, leading to porphyrin accumulation in many tissues, with marked skin photosensitivity. Two male siblings, aged 43 and 29, are described. The oldest shows severe sclerodermiform mutilation and the youngest exhibits initial involvement with hypertrichosis.