Engagement in Care, Awareness, and Interest in Long-Acting Injectable Anti-Retroviral Therapy.

Long Acting Injectable (LAI) therapy to treat HIV is an alternative to daily oral medications. The success of early roll-out of LAI to eligible patients requires a better understanding of patients' awareness and interest in this novel therapy. We administered an electronic survey to patients attending an urban HIV clinic in the US South.

Association between early cerebral oxygenation and neurodevelopmental impairment or death in premature infants.

Objective: To assess the relationship between cerebral oxygenation in the first 72 h of life and neurodevelopmental impairment (NDI) at 2 years corrected age in former premature infants.

Study Design: Prospective observational cohort study of 127 infants <32 weeks GA at birth with cerebral oxygenation monitoring using NIRS in the first 72 h of life.

Results: Using a threshold cutoff for cerebral hypoxia, infants with NDI or death had increased duration of hypoxia (4 vs 2.

Variations in sensitivity to chlorine in Ecuador and US consumers: implications for community water systems.

Successful implementation of chlorination for disinfecting community water systems in developing countries faces obstacles, with rejection of chlorinous flavor as a significant factor. Determining consumers' abilities to accurately detect chlorine in treated water is important to identifying acceptable chlorination levels that are also effective for water disinfection. Chlorine detection sensitivity was tested in untrained Ecuadorian consumers with limited prior experience with chlorinated water and US consumers with extensive prior experience with chlorinated water.

The Influence of Cognitive Reserve on Recovery from Traumatic Brain Injury.

Objective: we sought to determine the degree to which cognitive reserve, as assessed by the Test of Premorbid Functioning in combination with demographic variables, could act as a buffer against the effect of traumatic brain injury (TBI) on cognitive test performance.

Method: retrospective analysis of a cohort of 121 persons with TBI who completed the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale-Fourth Edition (WAIS-IV) within 1-12 months after injury.

Results: regression analyses indicated that cognitive reserve was a statistically significant predictor of all postinjury WAIS-IV factor index scores, after controlling for various premorbid and comorbid confounding variables.

Heme oxygenase induction attenuates TNF-α-induced hypertension in pregnant rodents.

Pre-eclampsia is a hypertensive disorder of pregnancy initiated by placental insufficiency and chronic ischemia. In response, several pathways activated in the placenta are responsible for the maternal syndrome, including increased production of the anti-angiogenic protein, sFlt-1, and inflammatory cytokines, especially tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α). Previous studies have demonstrated that heme oxygenase (HO) induction can block TNF-α pathways in vitro and attenuate placental ischemia-induced sFlt-1 in vivo.

Sex-specific effects of heme oxygenase-2 deficiency on renovascular hypertension.

Background: Heme oxygenase-2 (HO-2) is the main isoform responsible for the breakdown of heme and release of carbon monoxide in the vasculature. Vascular-derived carbon monoxide protects against excessive vasoconstriction due to agents such as angiotensin II (Ang II) and in states of deficiency of nitric oxide. The current study was designed to determine the role of HO-2 in the development of renovascular hypertension using HO-2 knockout mice.