Universal Energy Fluctuations in Inelastic Scattering Processes.

Quantum scattering is used ubiquitously in both experimental and theoretical physics across a wide range of disciplines, from high-energy physics to mesoscopic physics. In this Letter, we uncover universal relations for the energy fluctuations of a quantum system scattering inelastically with a particle at arbitrary kinetic energies. In particular, we prove a fluctuation relation describing an asymmetry between energy absorbing and releasing processes which relies on the nonunital nature of the underlying quantum map.

Outcomes of lung volume reduction surgery for emphysema: unilateral and bilateral.

Background: Lung volume reduction surgery (LVRS) has historically been performed as a bilateral operation. We aimed to compare the short-term morbidity and mortality between unilateral and bilateral LVRS.

Methods: We performed a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent LVRS for emphysema at two hospital sites over 10 years.

If the Crown Fits: Sterically Demanding -Heterocyclic Carbene Promotes the Formation of AuPt Nanoclusters.

While -heterocyclic carbenes (NHCs) have recently been shown to be effective ligands for gold nanoclusters, very few examples of heterometallic clusters incorporating nongroup 11 metals are known. We present herein an Au-Pt NHC cluster featuring a crown-shaped [AuPt(NHC)] core, produced in high yield without the need for chromatographic purification. The method was largely independent of the substitution pattern of the NHC backbone; however, bulky wingtip groups were needed for clean conversion to the AuPt cluster.

Recent advances in bio-based production of top platform chemical, succinic acid: an alternative to conventional chemistry.

Succinic acid (SA) is one of the top platform chemicals with huge applications in diverse sectors. The presence of two carboxylic acid groups on the terminal carbon atoms makes SA a highly functional molecule that can be derivatized into a wide range of products. The biological route for SA production is a cleaner, greener, and promising technological option with huge potential to sequester the potent greenhouse gas, carbon dioxide.

Outcome of lung transplantation in patients with pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis in the era of COVID-19 infection.

Lung transplant recipients are at higher risk of developing COVID-19 infection compared to other solid organ transplants. The risk further increases in the unvaccinated patients. We present a case of a 43-year-old male who underwent bilateral sequential lung transplantation for pulmonary alveolar microlithiasis (PAM) and had an uneventful recovery.

A phantom study investigating effective strategies for reducing fetal dose in pregnant patients with head and neck cancer.

Purpose: To measure the out-of-field doses for various treatment planning techniques and assess the impact on fetal dose with and without the use of custom shielding.

Materials And Methods: A total of six treatment plans were generated with different treatment techniques such as 3-dimensional conformal radiation therapy (3DCRT), intensity modulated radiation therapy (IMRT) and volumetric-modulated arc therapy (VMAT), utilizing both 6 MV flattened beams and flattening filter-free (FFF) beams. The measurements were carried out both out-of-field at the surface and at depth to assess the dose reduction achieved by removing the flattening filter and incorporating shielding.

Absorbable antibiotic beads for treatment of LVAD driveline infections.

Backgound: Infections of the left ventricular assist device (LVAD) driveline are a dreaded complication that results in high mortality and morbidity.

Method: We retrospectively reviewed five consecutive patients with severe continuous-flow LVAD (HVAD, Heartmate 2, and Heartmate 3) driveline infection. These infections, which developed on an average of 960.

A concerted enzymatic de-structuring of lignocellulosic materials using a compost-derived microbial consortia favoring the consolidated pretreatment and bio-saccharification.

The robustness of microbial consortia isolated from compost habitat encompasses the complementary metabolism that aids in consolidated bioprocessing (CBP) of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) by division of labor across the symbionts. Composting of organic waste is deemed to be an efficient way of carbon recycling, where the syntrophic microbial population exerts a concerted action of lignin and polysaccharide (hemicellulose and cellulose) component of plant biomass. The potential of this interrelated microorganism could be enhanced through adaptive laboratory evolution (ALE) with LCB for its desired functional capabilities.

Exploring the Gas Sensing Potential of Cross-Linked Asphaltene: A Promising Application of an Affordable Material.

In recent years, there has been significant research interest in carbon-based nanomaterials as promising candidates for sensing technologies. Herein, we present the first utilization of asphaltenes as an affordable, cost-efficient carbon-based material for gas sensing applications. Asphaltenes, derived from various oil sources, are subjected to facile cross-linking reactions to produce nanoporous carbon materials, where the asphaltene molecules from different layers are interconnected via covalent bonds.

Arabinose as an overlooked sugar for microbial bioproduction of chemical building blocks.

The circular economy is anticipated to bring a disruptive transformation in manufacturing technologies. Robust and industrial scalable microbial strains that can simultaneously assimilate and valorize multiple carbon substrates are highly desirable, as waste bioresources contain substantial amounts of renewable and fermentable carbon, which is diverse. Lignocellulosic biomass (LCB) is identified as an inexhaustible and alternative resource to reduce global dependence on oil.

Using Fenestrated Stent to Increase the Flow of Extracorporeal Membrane Oxygenation of Superior Vena Cava Compression Syndrome.

Superior vena cava syndrome (SVCS) is an obstruction of the venous return through the superior vena cava (SVC) or any other significant branches. The obstruction may be external, like thoracic mass compressing the SVC, or internal, like thrombosis or tumor, which directly invades the SVC. Patients experiencing a medical emergency after being initially stabilized require treatment for SVCS, including endovenous recanalization and the implantation of an SVC stent to reduce the risk of abrupt respiratory arrest and death.

Extending donor criteria: successful lung transplantation post back table donor pulmonary artery thrombolysis.

Pulmonary embolization in donor lungs is a common finding and found in up to 38% of cases. To expand the pool of organs, transplant centers now utilize lungs, from increased risk donors, that may have pulmonary embolic disease. Modalities of clearing pulmonary artery embolisms are critical to reduce the prevalence of primary graft dysfunction post transplantation.

Fermentative valorisation of xylose-rich hemicellulosic hydrolysates from agricultural waste residues for lactic acid production under non-sterile conditions.

Lactic acid (LA) is a platform chemical with diverse industrial applications. Presently, commercial production of LA is dominated by microbial fermentation using sugary or starch-based feedstocks. Research pursuits emphasizing towards sustainable production of LA using non-edible and renewable feedstocks have accelerated the use of lignocellulosic biomass (LCB).

Short-term outcomes of heart transplant patients bridged with Impella 5.5 ventricular assist device.

Aims: We sought to investigate the outcomes of heart transplant patients supported with Impella 5.5 temporary mechanical circulatory support.

Methods And Results: Patient demographics, perioperative data, hospital timeline, and haemodynamic parameters were followed during initial admission, Impella support, and post-transplant period.

Transesophageal echocardiography: a tool for intraoperative assessment of coronary blood flow.

Transesophageal echocardiography (TEE) has become an indispensable part of cardiac surgery, but its potential for assessing coronary anatomy and blood flow remains underutilised. This case report presents a case of acute iatrogenic left main coronary artery obstruction following re-operative aortic valve replacement that was promptly diagnosed by intraoperative TEE and managed successfully by Bentall operation. We also emphasise the technique of TEE for coronary evaluation, its caveats and its clinical application during cardiac surgery.

Localization and surgical approach to mediastinal parathyroid glands.

Background: Hyperactive parathyroid glands (PTGs) are in the mediastinum 4.3% of the time. Historically, localization and resection of these glands can be challenging.

Survival Outcomes of Lung Transplant Recipients From Donors With Abnormal Kidney Function.

Background: Recovering lungs with pulmonary edema due to abnormal kidney function is considered one of the expanded selection criteria for lung transplant. The aim of this study is to assess lung transplant recipients' survival from donors with abnormal kidney function and to determine differences in lung recovery rates from donors with and donors without abnormal kidney function.

Methods: We reviewed the United Network for Organ Sharing registry for first-time adult lung transplant donors and recipients from June 2005 to March 2017.

Mycotic Thoracic Aortic Aneurysm: Epidemiology, Pathophysiology, Diagnosis, and Management.

Mycotic thoracic aortic aneurysm (MTAA) is an aneurysm of the aorta caused by infection of the vessel tissue through microbial inoculation of the diseased aortic endothelium. It is most commonly caused by bacteria. Rarely, it can be caused by fungi.

Accelerated LVAD pump thrombosis in COVID-19 patient: Case report and mini review.

Background: Coronavirus (COVID-19) infection exposes patients with heart failure specially who are on mechanical support to a higher risk of morbidity and mortality.

Aims: To investigate the impact of COVID-19 infection on left ventricular assist device (LVAD) thrombosis in heart failure patients.

Materials & Methods: We searched the medical electronic records, Medline, PubMed and Cochrane databases for; (LVAD) AND (thrombosis)) AND (covid-19)) AND (heart failure).

Safe heart flush technique during recovery from donors after circulatory death.

Background: Donation after circulatory death is the donation after cardiac arrest. This technique has been employed and adopted by clinicians to overcome the shortage of available hearts for transplant. Warm ischemia time plays a pivotal role in the survival outcome of the heart recipients.