Repair of tibial nonunions and bone defects with the Taylor Spatial Frame.

Objective: To investigate the outcomes of tibial nonunions and bone defects treated with the Taylor Spatial Frame (TSF) using the Ilizarov method.

Design: Retrospective.

Setting: Limb Lengthening and Deformity Service at an academic medical center.

Scope of enantioselective palladium(II)-catalyzed aerobic alcohol oxidations with (-)-sparteine.

Evaluation of the substrate scope for Pd(II)/ (-)-sparteine catalyzed aerobic oxidative kinetic resolution of secondary alcohols is disclosed. An improved system is found with use of tert-butyl alcohol solvent in which benzylic and aliphatic alcohols as well as alcohols containing olefins are effectively oxidatively resolved. For substrates that successfully undergo oxidative kinetic resolution, k(rel) values are generally between 10 and 20.