Metastatic organotropism in small cell lung cancer.

Metastasis is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths, yet its regulatory mechanisms are not fully understood. Small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) is the most metastatic form of lung cancer, with most patients presenting with widespread disease, making it an ideal model for studying metastasis. However, the lack of suitable preclinical models has limited such studies.

N-terminal tags impair the ability of Lamin A to provide structural support to the nucleus.

Lamins are intermediate filament proteins that contribute to numerous cellular functions, including nuclear morphology and mechanical stability. The N-terminal head domain of lamin is critical for higher order filament assembly and function, yet the effects of commonly used N-terminal tags on lamin function remain largely unexplored. Here, we systematically studied the effect of two differently sized tags on Lamin A (LaA) function in a mammalian cell model engineered to allow for precise control of expression of tagged lamin proteins.

N-terminal tags impair the ability of lamin A to provide structural support to the nucleus.

Lamins are intermediate filament proteins that contribute to numerous cellular functions, including nuclear morphology and mechanical stability. The N-terminal head domain of lamin is crucial for higher order filament assembly and function, yet the effects of commonly used N-terminal tags on lamin function remain largely unexplored. Here, we systematically studied the effect of two differently sized tags on lamin A (LaA) function in a mammalian cell model engineered to allow for precise control of expression of tagged lamin proteins.

Infection Is Not Associated With Plasma or Cryoprecipitate Transfusion Volumes in Trauma: A Retrospective Study Using the National Trauma Data Bank.

Packed red blood cell (PRBC) transfusion has been shown to increase nosocomial infection risk in the injured population; however, the post-traumatic infectious risk profiles of non-PRBC blood products are less clear. We hypothesized that plasma (fresh frozen plasma [FFP]), platelet (PLT), and cryoprecipitate administration would not be associated with increased rates of nosocomial infections. We performed a retrospective, matched, case-control study utilizing the American College of Surgeons National Trauma Data Bank data for 2019.

Desirability of Outcome Ranking and Response Adjusted for Antibiotic Risk (DOOR/RADAR) Post Hoc Analysis Supports Equipoise for Antibiotic Initiation Strategies in Intensive Care Unit-Acquired Pneumonia.

Pneumonia is the most common intensive care unit (ICU)-acquired infection and source of potential sepsis in ICU populations but can be difficult to diagnose in real-time. Despite limited data, rapid initiation of antibiotic agents is endorsed by society guidelines. We hypothesized that a post hoc analysis of a recent randomized pilot study would show no difference between two antibiotic initiation strategies.

Provider Perceptions of Antibiotic Initiation Strategies for Hospital-Acquired Pneumonia.

The practice of rapidly initiating antibiotic therapy for patients with suspected infection has recently been criticized yet remains commonplace. Provider comfort level has been an understudied aspect of this practice. We hypothesized that there would be no significant differences in provider comfort level between the two treatment groups.

Heterologous expression of NE81 in mouse embryo fibroblasts reveals conserved mechanoprotective roles of lamins.

Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that are ubiquitously found in metazoan cells, where they contribute to nuclear morphology, stability, and gene expression. Lamin-like sequences have recently been identified in distantly related eukaryotes, but it remains unclear whether these proteins share conserved functions with the lamins found in metazoans. Here, we investigate conserved features between metazoan and amoebozoan lamins using a genetic complementation system to express the lamin-like protein NE81 in mammalian cells lacking either specific lamins or all endogenous lamins.

Assessing Second Debridement Timing and Mortality in Necrotizing Soft Tissue Infections.

Background: Patients with necrotizing soft tissue infection undergo an average of 4-5 debridements per hospital admission. Optimal timing for initial debridement is emergent. Second debridement is universally recommended to occur within 24 hours of the first, but no studies have successfully evaluated this time frame.

Lamins as structural nuclear elements through evolution.

Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins with important, well-established roles in humans and other vertebrates. Lamins interact with DNA and numerous proteins at the nuclear envelope to determine the mechanical properties of the nucleus, coordinate chromatin organization, and modulate gene expression. Many of these functions are conserved in the lamin homologs found in basal metazoan organisms, including Drosophila and Caenorhabditis elegans.

Heterologous expression of NE81 in mouse embryo fibroblasts reveals conserved mechanoprotective roles of lamins.

Lamins are nuclear intermediate filament proteins that are ubiquitously found in metazoan cells, where they contribute to nuclear morphology, stability, and gene expression. Lamin-like sequences have recently been identified in distantly related eukaryotes, but it remains unclear if these proteins share conserved functions with the lamins found in metazoans. Here, we investigate conserved features between metazoan and amoebozoan lamins using a genetic complementation system to express the lamin-like protein NE81 in mammalian cells lacking either specific lamins or all endogenous lamins.

Implementing Smartphone Tutorials for Patients With Severe Glaucoma.

Purpose The purpose of the study is to determine if instructional videos detailing the use of smartphone accessibility features may be used to improve quality of life and comfort with phone usage among patients with severe glaucoma. Design The design of the present study is an interventional case series. Methods The patients with vision loss due to severe glaucoma were recruited from one institution.

Trial of antibiotic restraint in presumed pneumonia: A Surgical Infection Society multicenter pilot.

Background: Pneumonia is the most common intensive care unit-acquired infection in the trauma and emergency general surgery population. Despite guidelines urging rapid antibiotic use, data supporting immediate antibiotic initiation in cases of suspected infection are limited. Our hypothesis was that a protocol of specimen-initiated antibiotic initiation would have similar compliance and outcomes to an immediate initiation protocol.

Prolonged Therapy Is Not Associated with Delayed Identification of Recurrent Intra-Abdominal Infection.

The Study to Optimize Peritoneal Infection Therapy (STOP-IT) Trial identified an association between prolonged antibiotic therapy and delayed identification of recurrent intra-abdominal infection (IAI). However, this association has not been observed in other studies. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the association between recurrent IAIs and the duration of antibiotic agents.

Antibiotic Initiation Timing and Mortality in Trauma Patients With Ventilator-Associated Pneumonia.

Background: Early antibiotic initiation is considered a cornerstone in the management of ventilator-associated pneumonia (VAP). However, recent data suggests that early antibiotic initiation may not be necessary in all cases. Additionally, the benefits of early antibiotic administration for infection have not been studied in a dedicated trauma population.

Force balances between interphase centrosomes as revealed by laser ablation.

Numerous studies have highlighted the self-centering activities of individual microtubule (MT) arrays in animal cells, but relatively few works address the behavior of multiple arrays that coexist in a common cytoplasm. In multinucleated cells, each centrosome organizes a radial MT network, and these networks remain separate from one another. This feature offers an opportunity to reveal the mechanism(s) responsible for the positioning of multiple centrosomes.