The reproducibility of assessment of white spot lesions adjacent to orthodontic brackets, with a quantitative light induced fluorescence digital camera at different rotations of teeth - an in vitro study.

Background: A quantitative light-induced fluorescence digital (QLF-D) camera is able to assess demineralizations adjacent to orthodontic brackets. Rotations of teeth during and the presence of the orthodontic appliances may influence the longitudinal follow-up of such lesions over time.

Methods: Brackets were bonded on extracted teeth: 54 incisors and 31 canines.

Long-term remineralizing effect of MI Paste Plus on regression of early caries after orthodontic fixed appliance treatment: a 12-month follow-up randomized controlled trial.

Background: Casein-phosphopeptide-amorphous-calcium-fluoride-phosphate (CPP-ACFP) can remineralize subsurface lesions. It is the active ingredient of MI-Paste-Plus® (MPP). The long-term remineralization efficacy is unknown.

Comparison of Composition and Anticaries Effect of Extracts with Different Isolation Methods.

Objectives: water extract (GCE) has been demonstrated to inhibit dental caries by favorably shifting the demineralization/remineralization balance of enamel and inhibiting the biomass and acid formation of dental biofilm. The present study focused on the comparison of composition and anticaries effect of extracts with different isolation methods, aiming to improve the efficacy of caries prevention.

Methods: The composition of water extract (GCE), ethanol extract (eGCE) and commercial tannic acid was compared.

Effect of arginine on the growth and biofilm formation of oral bacteria.

Background: Alkali production via arginine deiminase system (ADS) of oral bacteria plays a significant role in oral ecology, pH homeostasis and inhibition of dental caries. ADS activity in dental plaque varies greatly between individuals, which may profoundly affect their susceptibility to caries.

Objective: To investigate the effect of arginine on the growth and biofilm formation of oral bacteria.

Microbial profile of dental plaque associated to white spot lesions in orthodontic patients immediately after the bracket removal.

Objective: Denaturing Gradient Gel Electrophoresis (DGGE) is suggested to predict caries risk in young children. Such a tool would be valuable in orthodontic patients undergoing treatment with fixed appliances. In this cross-sectional study the applicability of DGGE and conventional microbiology for caries risk assessment in orthodontic patients were assessed.

Red fluorescence of dental plaque in children -A cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The relation between the presence of red fluorescent plaque and the caries status in children was studied. In addition, the microbial composition of dental plaque from sites with red fluorescent plaque (RFP) and from sites with no red fluorescent plaque (NFP) was assessed.

Methods: Fluorescence photographs were taken from fifty children (6-14 years old) with overnight plaque.

Red and Green Fluorescence from Oral Biofilms.

Red and green autofluorescence have been observed from dental plaque after excitation by blue light. It has been suggested that this red fluorescence is related to caries and the cariogenic potential of dental plaque. Recently, it was suggested that red fluorescence may be related to gingivitis.

Changes in the oral ecosystem induced by the use of 8% arginine toothpaste.

Objective: Bacterial metabolism of arginine in the oral cavity has a pH-raising and thus, potential anti-caries effect. However, the influence of arginine on the oral microbial ecosystem remains largely unresolved.

Design: In this pilot study, nine healthy individuals used toothpaste containing 8% arginine for eight weeks.

Red fluorescent biofilm: the thick, the old, and the cariogenic.

Background: Some dental plaque fluoresces red. The factors involved in this fluorescence are yet unknown.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess systematically the effect of age, thickness, and cariogenicity on the extent of red fluorescence produced by in vitro microcosm biofilms.

Comparison of red autofluorescing plaque and disclosed plaque-a cross-sectional study.

Objectives: The aim of this cross-sectional study was to assess the correlation between dental plaque scores determined by the measurement of red autofluorescence or by visualization with a two-tone solution. Clinical photographs were used for this study.

Materials And Methods: Overnight plaque from the anterior teeth of 48 participants was assessed for red fluorescence on photographs (taken with a QLF-camera) using a modified Quigley & Hein (mQH) index.

The Effect of Fixed Orthodontic Appliances and Fluoride Mouthwash on the Oral Microbiome of Adolescents - A Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial.

While the aesthetic effect of orthodontic treatment is clear, the knowledge on how it influences the oral microbiota and the consequential effects on oral health are limited. In this randomized controlled clinical trial we investigated the changes introduced in the oral ecosystem, during and after orthodontic treatment with fixed appliances in combination with or without a fluoride mouthwash, of 10-16.8 year old individuals (N = 91).

A prospective, randomized placebo-controlled clinical trial on the effects of a fluoride rinse on white spot lesion development and bleeding in orthodontic patients.

Demineralizations around orthodontic brackets are a main disadvantage of orthodontic treatment. Several methods have been advocated to prevent their development, such as fluoride rinses or varnishes. In this randomized clinical trial, a fluoride rinse (a combination of sodium fluoride and amine fluoride) was compared with a placebo rinse, to be used every evening after toothbrushing.

Towards understanding oral health.

During the last century, dental research has focused on unraveling the mechanisms behind various oral pathologies, while oral health was typically described as the mere absence of oral diseases. The term 'oral microbial homeostasis' is used to describe the capacity of the oral ecosystem to maintain microbial community stability in health. However, the oral ecosystem itself is not stable: throughout life an individual undergoes multiple physiological changes while progressing through infancy, childhood, adolescence, adulthood and old age.

Models and role models.

Developing experimental models to understand dental caries has been the theme in our research group. Our first, the pH-cycling model, was developed to investigate the chemical reactions in enamel or dentine, which lead to dental caries. It aimed to leverage our understanding of the fluoride mode of action and was also utilized for the formulation of oral care products.

Longitudinal Changes in Dental Fear and Coping Behavior in Children, Adolescents, and Young Adults With Cleft Lip and/or Cleft Palate.

Objective: To determine changes in dental anxiety levels of cleft lip and/or palate (CL/P) children and to explore the role of coping strategies in the development of their dental anxiety.

Design: Prospective study.

Setting: Free University Medical Center Amsterdam.

Changes in composition and enamel demineralization inhibition activities of gallic acid at different pH values.

Background: Gallic acid (GA) has been shown to inhibit demineralization and enhance remineralization of enamel; however, GA solution is highly acidic. This study was to investigate the stability of GA solutions at various pH and to examine the resultant effects on enamel demineralization.

Methods: The stability of GA in H2O or in phosphate buffer at pH 5.

Novel tea polyphenol-modified calcium phosphate nanoparticle and its remineralization potential.

Tea polyphenols (TP) are not only potent antimicrobial and antioxidant agents but also effective modifiers in the formation of nanosized crystals. Since nano-hydroxyapatite (n-HA) is known to enhance remineralization of dental hard tissue, our aims were to synthesize nanosized calcium phosphate particles incorporating TP and to test their potential as caries preventive agent. An ammonia water diffusion method was used to synthesize nanosized calcium phosphate particles (TP-CaP) in the presence of various amounts of TP.

Stability and resilience of oral microcosms toward acidification and Candida outgrowth by arginine supplementation.

Dysbiosis induced by low pH in the oral ecosystem can lead to caries, a prevalent bacterial disease in humans. The amino acid arginine is one of the pH-elevating agents in the oral cavity. To obtain insights into the effect of arginine on oral microbial ecology, a multi-plaque "artificial mouth" (MAM) biofilm model was inoculated with saliva from a healthy volunteer and microcosms were grown for 4 weeks with 1.

White spot lesions after orthodontic treatment assessed by clinical photographs and by quantitative light-induced fluorescence imaging; a retrospective study.

Objective: White spot lesions (WSL) are an important side-effect of orthodontic multi-bracket (MB) treatment. Standardized monitoring of such WSL may help in caries management.

Materials And Methods: In this retrospective study the discriminatory power of caries assessment on routine digital oral photographs was compared to quantitative light-induced fluorescence (QLF) imaging in monitoring WSL development after debonding of orthodontic appliances.

Chemical alteration by tooth bleaching of human salivary proteins that infiltrated subsurface enamel lesions--experimental study with bovine lesion model systems.

Salivary macromolecules infiltrate white and brown spot enamel lesions and adsorb onto hydroxyapatite. Calcium-binding salivary proteins such as statherin hinder remineralization of these lesions. We assessed whether bleaching agents can remove salivary components that have infiltrated and bound to experimental subsurface lesions in bovine enamel prepared by immersing specimens in acid and then human saliva.

Pre- and postnatal determinants of deciduous molar hypomineralisation in 6-year-old children. The generation R study.

Background: Deciduous Molar Hypomineralisation (DMH) and Molar Incisor Hypomineralisation (MIH) are common developmental disturbances in pediatric dentistry. Their occurrence is related. The same determinants as suggested for MIH are expected for DMH, though somewhat earlier in life.

Is maternal use of medicines during pregnancy associated with deciduous molar hypomineralisation in the offspring? A prospective, population-based study.

Background: The effects of maternal use of medicines during pregnancy on tooth development has scarcely been studied; only negative effects of tetracycline on tooth germs are known (irreversible tooth discoloration and enamel hypoplasia).

Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate whether antibacterials and anti-allergic and anti-asthma medicines, being the most frequently used medicines during pregnancy, are associated with deciduous molar hypomineralisation (DMH) and, if so, which specific medicines.

Materials And Methods: To clarify this possible association, the participants of the Generation R Study, a population-based prospective cohort study from fetal life until young adulthood, were studied.

Effect of metalloporphyrins on red autofluorescence from oral bacteria.

The aim of this study was to assess the red autofluorescence from bacterial species related to dental caries and periodontitis in the presence of different nutrients in the growth medium. Bacteria were grown anaerobically on tryptic soy agar (TSA) supplemented with nutrients, including magnesium-porphyrins from spinach and iron-porphyrins from heme. The autofluorescence was then assessed at 405 nm excitation.

Chemical composition of Galla chinensis extract and the effect of its main component(s) on the prevention of enamel demineralization in vitro.

To determine the chemical composition of Galla chinensis extract (GCE) by several analysis techniques and to compare the efficacy of GCE and its main component(s) in inhibition of enamel demineralization, for the development of future anticaries agents, main organic composition of GCE was qualitatively determined by liquid chromatography-time of flight-mass spectrometry (LC-TOF-MS) and quantified by high-performance liquid chromatography-diode array detector (HPLC-DAD). Inorganic ions were tested by inductively coupled plasma-atomic emission spectroscopy and F was especially measured by ion chromatography. Then, bovine enamel blocks were randomly divided into four treatment groups and were subjected to a pH-cycling regime for 12 times.

Measuring dental fear using the CFSS-DS. Do children and parents agree?

Background: In most studies, the parental version of the CFSS-DS is used; however, no information is available concerning the extent to which parents are able to report dental fear on behalf of their children.

Aim: This study aims to assess whether parents are accurate reporters of their child's dental fear.

Methods: The CFSS-DS was filled out by 326 children in a classroom setting and by 167 parents (mostly mothers) at home on behalf of their child.