RTS,S vaccination is associated with reduced parasitemia and anemia among children diagnosed with malaria in the outpatient department of a district hospital in rural Malawi.

The RTS,S/AS01 malaria vaccine was recently approved by the World Health Organization, but real-world effectiveness is still being evaluated. We measured hemoglobin concentration and parasite density in vaccinated and unvaccinated children who had been diagnosed with malaria by rapid diagnostic test (mRDT) in the outpatient department of a rural hospital in Malawi. Considering all mRDT positive participants, the mean hemoglobin concentration among unvaccinated participants was 9.

Dual-specificity protein tyrosine phosphatase VHR down-regulates c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK).

The JNK group (for c-Jun N-terminal kinase) of mitogen-activated protein kinases (MAP kinases) is activated in cells in response to environmental stress and cytokines. Activation of JNK is the result of dual phosphorylation by specific upstream kinases which phosphorylate the TxY motif. Much less is known concerning the down-regulation by protein phosphatases.

Structural basis for the recognition of a bisphosphorylated MAP kinase peptide by human VHR protein Phosphatase.

Human VHR (vaccinia H1 related phosphatase) is a member of the dual-specificity phosphatases (DSPs) that often act on bisphosphorylated protein substrates. Unlike most DSPs, VHR displays a strong preference for dephosphorylating phosphotyrosine residues over phosphothreonine residues. Here we describe the 2.