Should workers be physically active after work? Associations of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality across occupational physical activity levels-An individual participant data meta-analysis.

Background: There is insufficient evidence to provide recommendations for leisure-time physical activity among workers across various occupational physical activity levels. This study aimed to assess the association of leisure-time physical activity with cardiovascular and all-cause mortality across occupational physical activity levels.

Methods: This study utilized individual participant data from 21 cohort studies, comprising both published and unpublished data.

Associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity with all-cause mortality: an individual participant data meta-analysis.

Objective: Health effects of different physical activity domains (ie, during leisure time, work and transport) are generally considered positive. Using data, we assessed independent associations of occupational and leisure-time physical activity (OPA and LTPA) with all-cause mortality.

Design: Two-stage individual participant data meta-analysis.

Low smoking exposure and development and prognosis of COPD over four decades: a population-based cohort study.

Background: A diagnosis of COPD is mainly considered in individuals with >10 pack-years of smoking. We tested the hypothesis that low smoking exposure, below the critical threshold of 10 pack-years, increases risk of COPD and leads to poor prognosis.

Methods: We followed non-obstructed adult smokers from the Copenhagen City Heart Study for COPD, defined as a forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV)/forced vital capacity <0.

Type of Alcohol and Blood Pressure: The Copenhagen General Population Study.

Background: Most adults ingest alcoholic beverages. Alcohol shows strong and positive associations with blood pressure (BP). We hypothesized that intake of red wine, white wine, beer, and spirits and dessert wine show similar associations with BP in the general population.

Predicting exacerbations in COPD in the Danish general population.

Background: Risk of exacerbations in individuals with mild chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) in the general population is less well described than in more advanced disease. We hypothesized that in addition to history of previous exacerbation also other clinical characteristics predict future moderate exacerbations.

Methods: In 96,462 individuals in the Copenhagen General Population Study, we identified 3175 with clinical COPD defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV)/forced vital capacity (FVC) < 0.

Type-2 inflammation and lung function decline in chronic airway disease in the general population.

Background: It is unclear if type-2 inflammation is associated with accelerated lung function decline in individuals with asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). We tested the hypothesis that type-2 inflammation indicated by elevated blood eosinophils (BE) and fraction of exhaled nitric oxide (FeNO) is associated with accelerated lung function decline in the general population.

Methods: We included adults from the Copenhagen General Population Study with measurements of BE (N=15 605) and FeNO (N=2583) from a follow-up examination and assessed forced expiratory volume in 1 s (FEV) decline in the preceding 10 years.

Impact of the metabolic syndrome on cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality in individuals with lung function impairment: a prospective cohort study of the Danish general population.

Background: Whether the metabolic syndrome plays a role for the prognosis of individuals with lung function impairment (preserved ratio impaired spirometry (PRISm) or airflow limitation) is unclear. We hypothesised that the metabolic syndrome in individuals with lung function impairment is associated with increased cardiopulmonary morbidity and mortality.

Methods: The Copenhagen General Population Study was initiated in 2003 based on a random sample of white men and women aged 20-100 years drawn from the Danish general population.

Association between myocardial work indices and cardiovascular events according to hypertension in the general population.

Aims: Pressure-strain loop (PSL) analysis is a novel echocardiographic tool capable of assessing myocardial work non-invasively. In this study, we aim to evaluate the prognostic value of myocardial work indices in the general population.

Methods And Results: This was a prospective community-based cohort study (n = 4466).

Use of sugar in coffee and tea and long-term risk of mortality in older adult Danish men: 32 years of follow-up from a prospective cohort study.

Background: Tea and coffee are the most consumed beverages worldwide and very often sweetened with sugar. However, the association between the use of sugar in tea or coffee and adverse events is currently unclear.

Objectives: To investigate the association between the addition of sugar to coffee or tea, and the risk of all-cause mortality, cardiovascular mortality, cancer mortality and incident diabetes mellitus.

Cohort study of postural sway and low back pain: the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Purpose: Low back pain is a significant health problem with a high prevalence. Studies of smaller cohorts of low back pain patients have indicated increased body sway. The present paper tests the hypothesis of an association between low back pain and postural sway in a large randomly selected population.

Height Explains Sex Difference in Atrial Fibrillation Risk: Copenhagen General Population Study.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that the increased risk of atrial fibrillation (AF) in men compared with women is explained by height.

Methods: From the Copenhagen General Population Study, we included 106,207 individuals (47,153 men and 59,054 women) from 20 to 100 years of age, without a prior diagnosis of AF, examined between November 25, 2003, and April 28, 2015. The main outcome was AF incidence from national hospital registers until April 2018.

Changes in cardiac time intervals over a decade and the risk of incident heart failure: The Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Background: The cardiac time intervals include the isovolumic contraction time (IVCT), the left ventricular ejection time (LVET), the isovolumic relaxation time (IVRT) and the combination of all the cardiac time intervals in the myocardial performance index (MPI) (defined as [(IVCT+IVRT)/LVET)]. Whether the cardiac time intervals change over time and which clinical factors that accelerate these changes is not well-established. Additionally, whether these changes are associated with subsequent heart failure (HF), remains unknown.

Plasma immunoglobulin E and risk of exacerbation and mortality in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease: A contemporary population-based cohort.

Background: Novel biomarkers and targeted treatments are needed for patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD).

Objective: To test the hypothesis that high plasma immunoglobulin (Ig)E concentrations associate with increased risk of exacerbation and mortality in individuals with COPD in the general population.

Methods: Among 46,598 adults in the Copenhagen General Population Study, we included 1559 with COPD, defined as forced expiratory volume in 1 second/forced vital capacity < 0.

Normal Values for Myocardial Work Indices Derived From Pressure-Strain Loop Analyses: From the CCHS.

Background: Pressure-strain loop analyses is a noninvasive technique capable of evaluating myocardial work. Reference values are needed to benchmark these myocardial work indices for clinical practice.

Methods: Healthy participants from a general population study were used to establish reference values for global work index (GWI), global constructive work (GCW), global wasted work (GWW), and global work efficiency (GWE) measured by pressure-strain loop analyses.

The physical activity health paradox and risk factors for cardiovascular disease: A cross-sectional compositional data analysis in the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Background: Studies indicate that physical activity during leisure and work have opposite associations with cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk factors, referred to as the physical activity health paradox. We investigated how sedentary behaviour and physical activity types during leisure and work are associated with systolic blood pressure (SBP), waist circumference (WC), and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) in an adult general population sample using compositional data analysis.

Methods: Participants wore accelerometers for 7 days (right thigh and iliac crest; 24 h/day) and had their SBP, WC, and LDL-C measured.

Exacerbation history, severity of dyspnoea and maintenance treatment predicts risk of future exacerbations in patients with COPD in the general population.

Background: Whether risk of exacerbations of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) is influenced by severity of symptoms and maintenance treatment is unclear.

Objective: We hypothesized that in addition to history of exacerbations of COPD, the severity of dyspnoea and use of maintenance medications are associated with risk of future exacerbations.

Methods: We included 96,462 adults from the Copenhagen General Population Study and assessed risk of moderate and severe exacerbations from 2003 to 2013 according to exacerbation history, dyspnoea score (mMRC), and presence/absence of maintenance treatment with inhaled long-acting bronchodilators and/or inhaled corticosteroids.

Measures of left atrial function predict incident heart failure in a low-risk general population: the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Aims: This study investigated left atrial (LA) parameters as measured on transthoracic echocardiography as predictors of incident heart failure (HF) in a community cohort.

Methods And Results: In a large general population study (n = 2221), participants underwent a health examination with echocardiography. The maximum and minimum LA volumes indexed to body surface area (LAVImax and LAVImin) were measured and the LA emptying fraction (LAEF) and LA expansion index (LAEI) were calculated.

Left atrial strain predicts incident atrial fibrillation in the general population: the Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Background: Left atrial (LA) strain parameters have been demonstrated to be valuable predictors of atrial fibrillation (AF) in several patient cohorts. The purpose of this study was to investigate whether LA strain, assessed by two-dimensional speckle-tracking echocardiography, can be used to predict the development of AF in the general population.

Methods And Results: This prospective longitudinal study included 4466 participants from the fifth Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Non-adherence to established dietary guidelines associated with increased mortality: the Copenhagen General Population Study.

Aims: The relevance of adherence to established dietary guidelines is repeatedly challenged. We hypothesised that non-adherence to established dietary guidelines is associated with an excess risk of cardiovascular, non-cardiovascular and all-cause mortality.

Methods: We studied 100,191 white adult Danes aged 20-100 years recruited in 2003-2015 and followed up until December 2018.

Changes in left atrial structure and function over a decade in the general population.

Aims: Assessing left atrial (LA) size and function is an important part of the echocardiographic examination. We sought to assess how LA size and function develop over time, and which clinical characteristics promote atrial remodelling.

Methods And Results: We examined longitudinal changes of the LA between two visits in the Copenhagen City Heart Study (n = 1065).

U-Shaped Association Between Duration of Sports Activities and Mortality: Copenhagen City Heart Study.

Objective: To investigate the association between the duration of weekly leisure-time sports activity and all-cause mortality.

Methods: As part of the prospective Copenhagen City Heart Study, 8697 healthy adults completed a comprehensive questionnaire about leisure-time sports activities. Duration (minutes per week) of leisure-time sports activities was recorded for tennis, badminton, soccer, handball, cycling, swimming, jogging, calisthenics, health club activities, weightlifting, and other sports.