Tumor burden of lung metastases at initial staging in breast cancer patients detected by artificial intelligence as a prognostic tool for precision medicine.

Background: Determination of the total number and size of all pulmonary metastases on chest CT is time-consuming and as such has been understudied as an independent metric for disease assessment. A novel artificial intelligence (AI) model may allow for automated detection, size determination, and quantification of the number of pulmonary metastases on chest CT.

Objective: To investigate the utility of a novel AI program applied to initial staging chest CT in breast cancer patients in risk assessment of mortality and survival.

Pathogenic Role of Epstein-Barr Virus in Lung Cancers.

Human oncogenic viruses account for at least 12% of total cancer cases worldwide. Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) is the first identified human oncogenic virus and it alone causes ~200,000 cancer cases and ~1.8% of total cancer-related death annually.

Role of Virally Encoded Circular RNAs in the Pathogenicity of Human Oncogenic Viruses.

Human oncogenic viruses are a group of important pathogens that etiologically contribute to at least 12% of total cancer cases in the world. As an emerging class of non-linear regulatory RNA molecules, circular RNAs (circRNAs) have gained increasing attention as a crucial player in the regulation of signaling pathways involved in viral infection and oncogenesis. With the assistance of current circRNA enrichment and detection technologies, numerous novel virally-encoded circRNAs (vcircRNAs) have been identified in the human oncogenic viruses, initiating an exciting new era of vcircRNA research.

Improving CT-Derived Fractional Flow Reserve Analysis: A Quality Improvement Initiative.

Objectives The aim of this study was to identify factors and quality improvement strategies to improve coronary computed tomography angiography (CCTA) studies referred for fractional flow reserve derived from CT angiography (FFRCT) analysis. Methods Thirty randomly selected CCTAs were analyzed for quality control. A uniform CCTA protocol was implemented by an in-house steering committee, emphasizing the importance of adequate heart rate control and nitroglycerine usage.

Juvenile xanthogranuloma of the subdural spaces mimicking chronic hematoma with positive FDG uptake on PET: case report.

The authors report an unusual presentation of juvenile xanthogranuloma (JXG), a non-Langerhans cell histiocytosis of infancy and early childhood. This entity typically presents as a cutaneous head or neck nodule but can manifest with more systemic involvement including in the central nervous system. However, currently there is limited information regarding specific imaging features differentiating JXG from other neuropathological entities, with diagnosis typically made only after tissue sampling.

The Future of Concurrent Automated Coronary Artery Calcium Scoring on Screening Low-Dose Computed Tomography.

Low-dose computed tomography (LDCT) has been extensively validated for lung cancer screening in selected patient populations. Additionally, the use of gated cardiac CT to assess coronary artery calcium (CAC) burden has been validated to determine a patient's risk for major cardiovascular adverse events. This is typically performed by calculating an Agatston score based on density and overall burden of calcified plaque within the coronary arteries.