High-Throughput Assay for Predicting Diarrhea Risk Using a 2D Human Intestinal Stem Cell-Derived Model.

Gastrointestinal toxicities (GITs) are the most prevalent adverse events (AE) reported in clinical trials, often resulting in dose-limitations that reduce drug efficacy and delay development and treatment optimization. Preclinical animal models do not accurately replicate human GI physiology, leaving few options for early detection of GI side effects prior to human studies. Development of an accurate model that predicts GIT earlier in drug discovery programs would better support successful clinical trial outcomes.

Artificial Intelligence-based automated CT brain interpretation to accelerate treatment for acute stroke in rural India: An interrupted time series study.

In resource-limited settings, timely treatment of acute stroke is dependent upon accurate diagnosis that draws on non-contrast computed tomography (NCCT) scans of the head. Artificial Intelligence (AI) based devices may be able to assist non-specialist physicians in NCCT interpretation, thereby enabling faster interventions for acute stroke patients in these settings. We evaluated the impact of an AI device by comparing the time to intervention (TTI) from NCCT imaging to significant intervention before (baseline) and after the deployment of AI, in patients diagnosed with stroke (ischemic or hemorrhagic) through a retrospective interrupted time series analysis at a rural hospital managed by non-specialists in India.

Attenuation correction and truncation completion for breast PET/MR imaging using deep learning.

. Simultaneous PET/MR scanners combine the high sensitivity of MR imaging with the functional imaging of PET. However, attenuation correction of breast PET/MR imaging is technically challenging.

Acoustic resonance therapy is safe and effective for the treatment of nasal congestion in rhinitis: A randomized sham-controlled trial.

Background: Acoustic resonance therapy (ART) is a novel vibrational treatment that delivers patient-specific resonant frequency acoustic energy to the sinonasal cavities. In a pilot study, ART was effective for the acute treatment of nasal congestion. We conducted a sham-controlled randomized trial to validate the efficacy of ART when administered daily for 2 weeks.

Alfaxalone increases measured progesterone concentration in neutered male cats when determined by immunoreactivity.

Objective: Alfaxalone is a commonly used anesthetic agent in small animals. In cats, alfaxalone can be administered as an IM agent to achieve clinically useful sedation or anesthesia, negating the need for IV injection in difficult patients. The molecular structure of alfaxalone is similar to the hormone progesterone (P4).

Integrating sensory ecology and predator-prey theory to understand animal responses to fire.

Fire regimes are changing dramatically worldwide due to climate change, habitat conversion, and the suppression of Indigenous landscape management. Although there has been extensive work on plant responses to fire, including their adaptations to withstand fire and long-term effects of fire on plant communities, less is known about animal responses to fire. Ecologists lack a conceptual framework for understanding behavioural responses to fire, which can hinder wildlife conservation and management.

Ultrasound dilution cardiac output and echocardiography findings in anesthetized mature alpacas (Vicugna pacos) during normotension, hypotension and hypertension.

Alpacas (Vicugna pacos) have physiologic adaptations to live at high altitude. These adaptations may result in unexpected responses to changes in cardiac performance and blood pressure during general anesthesia. There are few studies evaluating cardiovascular variables in anesthetized alpacas.

Direct Costs of Healthcare among Patients with Deliberate Self-harm: A Pilot Study from a Tertiary Care Hospital in South India.

Background: Deliberate self-harm (DSH) in developing nations has a significant impact on health and economic conditions of patients and families.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study aims to study the cost of hospitalization and the factors affecting the cost of medical care. Adult patients with a diagnosis of DSH were included.

Light modulates lifespan via perceptual systems independent of circadian rhythms.

Across taxa, sensory perception modulates aging in response to important ecological cues, including food, sex, and danger. The range of sensory cues involved, and their mechanism of action, are largely unknown. We therefore sought to better understand how one potential cue, that of light, impacts aging in .

Behavioral plasticity can facilitate evolution in urban environments.

Plasticity-led evolution is central to evolutionary theory. Although challenging to study in nature, this process may be particularly apparent in novel environments such as cities. We document abundant evidence of plastic behavioral changes in urban animals, including learning, contextual, developmental, and transgenerational plasticities.

The Role of Social Determinants of Health in Moral Injury: Implications and Future Directions.

Purpose Of Review: Exposure to potentially morally injurious events (PMIEs) and the development of moral injury have yet to be conceptualized as they relate to social determinants of health (SDoH).Recent Findings.In this paper, the extant literature on moral injury and SDoH is reviewed.

The Role of Aquaculture and Capture Fisheries in Meeting Food and Nutrition Security: Testing a Nutrition-Sensitive Pond Polyculture Intervention in Rural Zambia.

This study tested the efficacy of a pond polyculture intervention with farming households in northern Zambia. Longitudinal data on fish consumption and the associated nutrient intake of households ( = 57) were collected over a six-month period (September 2019-March 2020). One group of people tested the intervention while another group that practiced monoculture tilapia farming, and a third group that did not practice aquaculture, acted as control groups.

An Anthropomorphic Digital Reference Object (DRO) for Simulation and Analysis of Breast DCE MRI Techniques.

Advances in accelerated magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) continue to push the bounds on achievable spatial and temporal resolution while maintaining a clinically acceptable image quality. Validation tools, including numerical simulations, are needed to characterize the repeatability and reproducibility of such methods for use in quantitative imaging applications. We describe the development of a simulation framework for analyzing and optimizing accelerated MRI acquisition and reconstruction techniques used in dynamic contrast enhanced (DCE) breast imaging.

Proton density water fraction as a reproducible MR-based measurement of breast density.

Purpose: To introduce proton density water fraction (PDWF) as a confounder-corrected (CC) MR-based biomarker of mammographic breast density, a known risk factor for breast cancer.

Methods: Chemical shift encoded (CSE) MR images were acquired using a low flip angle to provide proton density contrast from multiple echo times. Fat and water images, corrected for known biases, were produced by a six-echo CC CSE-MRI algorithm.

Going Virtual: Objective Structured Teaching Exercises as an Innovative Method for Formative Resident Education.

Background: The coronavirus disease 2019 pandemic forced residency programs to adapt teaching to the virtual arena. Objective Structured Teaching Exercises (OSTEs) are a simulation-based session we previously implemented in our in-person pediatric curriculum. We aimed to assess feasibility of and resident satisfaction with the transition to virtual learning for simulation-based OSTEs.

Anesthetic Considerations for Working Dogs.

Working dogs pose unique concerns and challenges to the veterinary practitioner. In this article, the authors review the best practices and clinical pearls for anesthetizing working dogs for both routine and emergent procedures.

Yeast volatiles double starvation survival in .

Organisms make decisions based on the information they gather from their environment, the effects of which affect their fitness. Understanding how these interactions affect physiology may generate interventions that improve the length and quality of life. Here, we provide evidence that exposure to live yeast volatiles during starvation significantly extends survival, increases activity, and slows the rate of triacylglyceride (TAG) decline independent of canonical sensory perception.

Missed Incidental Pulmonary Embolism: Harnessing Artificial Intelligence to Assess Prevalence and Improve Quality Improvement Opportunities.

Purpose: Incidental pulmonary embolism (IPE) can be found on body CT. The aim of this study was to evaluate the feasibility of using artificial intelligence to identify missed IPE on a large number of CT examinations.

Methods: This retrospective analysis included all single-phase chest, abdominal, and pelvic (CAP) and abdominal and pelvic (AP) CT examinations performed at a single center over 1 year, for indications other than identification of PE.

Measuring Glucose Uptake in Primary Invasive Breast Cancer Using Simultaneous Time-of-Flight Breast PET/MRI: A Method Comparison Study with Prone PET/CT.

Purpose: To compare the measurement of glucose uptake in primary invasive breast cancer using simultaneous, time-of-flight breast PET/MRI with prone time-of-flight PET/CT.

Materials And Methods: In this prospective study, women with biopsy-proven invasive breast cancer undergoing preoperative breast MRI from 2016 to 2018 were eligible. Participants who had fasted underwent prone PET/CT of the breasts approximately 60 minutes after injection of 370 MBq (10 mCi) fluorine 18 fluorodeoxyglucose (F-FDG) followed by prone PET/MRI using standard clinical breast MRI sequences performed simultaneously with PET acquisition.