Multiplex Fluorescent Immunohistochemistry for Preservation of Tumor Microenvironment Architecture and Spatial Relationship of Cells in Tumor Tissues.

The tumor microenvironment (TME), composed of immune cells, antigens, and local soluble factors, is integral to cancer development and progression. Traditional techniques such as immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence, or flow cytometry limit the analysis of spatial data and cellular interactions within the TME, as they are restricted to colocalization of a small number of antigens or the loss of tissue architecture. Multiplex fluorescent immunohistochemistry (mfIHC) allows for detection of multiple antigens within a single tissue sample, providing a more comprehensive description of tissue composition and spatial interactions within the TME.