The History of the Post-Graduate Medical and Nursing Officers (PGMNO) course in the British Army.

Military medicine has been evolving for over 5000 years of recorded civilisation and conflict. The Army Medical Services performed poorly during the Crimean War and the British Army introduced a professional training course for medical officers in 1860. The Army Medical School and the predecessor of today's Post-Graduate Medical and Nursing Officers (PGMNO) course have had to adapt to changes in British foreign policy and military requirements.

Influence of social deprivation on provision of bariatric surgery: 10-year comparative ecological study between two UK specialist centres.

Objective: To investigate the effect of residential location and socioeconomic deprivation on the provision of bariatric surgery.

Design: Retrospective cross-sectional ecological study.

Setting: Patients resident local to one of two specialist bariatric units, in different regions of the UK, who received obesity surgery between 2003 and 2013.

Teaching leadership: the medical student society model.

Background: All health care professionals in the UK are expected to have the medical leadership and management (MLM) skills necessary for improving patient care, as stipulated by the UK General Medical Council (GMC).

Context: Newly graduated doctors reported insufficient knowledge about leadership and quality improvement skills, despite all UK medical schools reporting that MLM is taught within their curriculum.

Innovation: A medical student society organised a series of extracurricular educational events focusing on leadership topics.

Leadership and management in UK medical school curricula.

Purpose Although medical leadership and management (MLM) is increasingly being recognised as important to improving healthcare outcomes, little is understood about current training of medical students in MLM skills and behaviours in the UK. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach This qualitative study used validated structured interviews with expert faculty members from medical schools across the UK to ascertain MLM framework integration, teaching methods employed, evaluation methods and barriers to improvement.

Underreporting of Secondary Endpoints in Randomized Trials: Cross-sectional, Observational Study.

Objective: To determine if underreporting of secondary endpoints in randomized controlled trials occurs, using surgical site infection (SSI) as an example.

Background: SSI is a commonly measured endpoint in surgical trials and can act as a proxy marker for primary and secondary endpoint assessments across trials in a range of medical specialties.

Methods: Cross-sectional observational study of randomized trials including patients undergoing gastrointestinal surgery published in a representative selection of general medical and general surgical journals.