Phase I Study of Entinostat in Combination with Enzalutamide for Treatment of Patients with Metastatic Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer.

Lessons Learned: Entinostat at the selected dose levels in combination with a standard dose of enzalutamide showed a promising safety profile in this small phase I study BACKGROUND: Entinostat inhibits prostate cancer (PCa) growth and suppresses Treg cell function in vitro and in vivo.

Methods: This was a phase I study to explore the safety and preliminary efficacy of entinostat (3 and 5 mg orally per week) in combination with enzalutamide in castration resistant PCa (CRPC). The study was carried out in an open-label two-cohort design.

Two distinct histological Richter's transformations 23 years apart in a patient with chronic lymphocytic leukaemia.

A 53-year-old man with a 1-year history of chronic lymphocytic leukaemia (CLL) presented with a left bicep mass. Biopsy and staging workup revealed Richter's transformation (RT) Ann Arbor stage 1E diffuse large B-cell lymphoma in the bicep. The patient was treated with combination chemotherapy with cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, Vincristine and prednisone followed by site radiation and did well thereafter.

Directed Therapies in Anaplastic Lymphoma Kinase-rearranged Non-small Cell Lung Cancer.

Anaplastic lymphoma kinase (ALK) rearrangements were first implicated as driving mutations in non-small cell lung cancer in 2007. Since then, a number of novel, small-molecule inhibitors directed against the ALK receptor have demonstrated superiority over standard chemotherapies in the treatment of ALK rearrangement-positive lung cancer. Of considerable importance when considering such therapies is the ability of each to overcome mutations conferring acquired resistance, as well as penetrate the central nervous system (CNS), the most common site of metastasis and traditionally the most difficult to breach.

Abiraterone is effective and should be considered for the treatment of metastatic castrate-naïve prostate cancer.

Androgen deprivation therapy (ADT) has been the standard of care for the treatment of newly diagnosed metastatic prostate cancer for the past 70 years. Furthermore, adding docetaxel chemotherapy to ADT significantly improved patient survival, and thus became the new standard for patients with high volume disease. However, recent evidence has called this treatment strategy into question since a published study has shown that the drug abiraterone has a similar benefit to docetaxel in a similar patient population group but with less toxicity.

Anaemia with inflammation responding to lenalidomide.

We present a case of a 73-year-old woman with transfusion-dependent anaemia thought to be secondary to an unidentifiable inflammatory condition. Anaemia evaluation including multiple bone marrow biopsies was unrevealing, with the exception of a non-specific elevation of her erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein. She had no identifiable inflammatory condition and did not meet the criteria for myelodysplastic syndrome.

The Utility of Chemotherapy in the Treatment of Metastatic Prostate Cancer.

Prostate cancer is the most common cancer among American men and the second most common cause of cancer deaths among men. Treatment of prostate cancer remains a challenge. Despite decades of research, few cytotoxic chemotherapy agents have shown promise against prostate cancer.

Directional movement of steinernematid nematodes in response to electrical current.

Steinernematid nematodes are parasites that are important natural regulating agents of insect populations. The infective juvenile nematodes respond to a variety of stimuli that aid in survival and host finding. Host finding strategies among steinernematids differ along a continuum from ambush (sit & wait) to cruiser (search & destroy).