Effects of Balance Exercise Interventions on Balance-Related Performance in People With Multiple Sclerosis: A Systematic Review and a Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Background: Balance training covers a range of different modalities and complexity levels for people with multiple sclerosis (MS). When evaluating the effects of balance training across different kinds of interventions, determination of the specific intervention content that predict effects are needed.

Objective: To investigate the effects of balance training on gait and dynamic balance outcomes.

A study of the reliability and validity of the Six-Spot Step Test Cognitive in ambulatory persons with Parkinson's disease.

Introduction: Although dual-task walking deficits challenge ambulatory function in persons with Parkinson's disease (PwPD), ambulation measures that incorporate cognitive dual-task loads seem scarce. In its construct and instruction, the Six-Spot Step Test Cognitive (SSSTcog) ensures an equal focus on cognitive and motor tasks. The present study investigated the construct validity and test-retest reliability of the SSSTcog in PwPD.

Unwrapping the "black box" of balance training in people with multiple sclerosis - A descriptive systematic review of intervention components, progression, and intensity.

Background: Delineating the specific components of the existing balance training interventions in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) may contribute to a framework for future design and reporting of such interventions. Thus, we aimed to systematically synthesize how balance training frequency, intensity, time, type, duration, and progression are reported in balance training interventions for PwMS.

Methods: A systematic literature search was conducted in Medline, Embase, Web of Science, and Cinahl.

A study of the discriminative properties of the Six-Spot Step Test in older adults at risk of falling and those not at risk.

Objective: To investigate the discriminative properties of the Six-Spot Step Test in older adults with self-reported balance problems.

Methods: Seventy-five older adults aged ≥65 years completed the Six-Spot Step Test and the Timed "Up and Go" test. A Mini-BESTest score of ≤19 was used as a cutoff for defining the risk of falling, and a receiver operating characteristics curve was generated to determine relevant cutoff scores.

Barriers toward Physical Activity in COPD: A Quantitative Cross-Sectional, Questionnaire-Based Study.

Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD) is a progressive but preventable and treatable disease and the third leading cause of death globally. Even though it is evident that physical activity (PA) relieves dyspnea, anxiety, fatigue, and increases quality of life and functional capacity, it is seldom implemented in daily life in people with COPD. The aim of this study was to identify barriers toward PA in people with COPD and to examine the role of FEV1 and smoking status in PA.

Examining the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Six-Spot Step Test in older adults with self-reported balance problems.

Objective: To evaluate the test-retest reliability and construct validity of the Six-Spot Step Test in older adults.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Outpatient clinics.

Does disability level impact the relationship of muscle strength to walking performance in people with multiple sclerosis? a cross-sectional analysis.

Background And Purpose: Strength training can improve muscle weakness in people with multiple sclerosis (MS), but does not consistently improve walking. Disability level may impact the relationship of muscle weakness and walking performance in people with MS, but few studies have investigated the impact of disability on the relationship of strength and walking. The purpose of this study was to compare the relationships of strength in lower body and trunk muscles to walking performance between mild and moderate disability groups in people with MS.

A study of the discriminative properties of the Six-Spot Step Test in people with Parkinson's disease at risk of falling.

Background: Clinical tests that can discriminate between people at risk of falling and those not at risk are warranted. The discriminative properties of the Six-Spot Step Test was investigated in people with Parkinson's disease at risk of falling.

Methods: Eighty-one participants with a median age of 69 years (Q1-Q3:63-74) and a median Hoehn and Yahr score of 2.

How do resistance training and balance and motor control training affect gait performance and fatigue impact in people with multiple sclerosis? A randomized controlled multi-center study.

Background: Despite a shared purpose of improving functional capacity, the principles of progressive resistance training (PRT) and balance and motor control training (BMCT) are fundamentally different.

Objectives: To investigate the effects of PRT and BMCT on gait performance and fatigue impact in people with multiple sclerosis (PwMS).

Methods: A multi-center, single-blinded, cluster-randomized controlled trial with two intervention groups (PRT and BMCT) and a control group (CON).

A study of the validity of the Six-Spot Step Test in ambulatory people with Parkinson's disease.

Objective: The aim of this study was to evaluate the concurrent and divergent validity of the Six-Spot Step Test in mild to moderately impaired people with Parkinson's disease.

Design: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting: Outpatient clinics.

Test-retest reliability and limits of agreement of the Six-Spot Step Test in people with Parkinson's disease.

Objective:: The aim of this study was to evaluate the within-day and day-to-day agreement and reliability of the Six-Spot Step Test in mild to moderately disabled people with Parkinson's disease.

Design:: Cross-sectional cohort study.

Setting:: Outpatient clinics.

How much does balance and muscle strength impact walking in persons with multiple sclerosis? - A cross-sectional study.

Introduction: Despite the multitude of rehabilitation interventions targeting gait impairments in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS), only little is known about the relative association of muscle strength and balance on different gait outcomes.

Aim: To determine the relative association of balance and muscle strength to three gait performance outcomes in PwMS.

Method: 90 PwMS were enrolled in this cross-sectional study (72% women; mean age=49.

How does strength training and balance training affect gait and fatigue in patients with Multiple Sclerosis? A study protocol of a randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: Multiple sclerosis (MS) is characterized by a demyelination that results in reduced conductivity in the somatosensory nervous system, decreased muscle strength, vestibular alteration, and severe fatigue. Progressive resistance training (PRT) has proven to be a promising intervention showing a positive effect on muscle strength. Another promising intervention frequently used in neuro-rehabilitation is task specific training where also Balance and Motor Control Training (BMCT) are incorporated.

Test-retest agreement and reliability of the Six Spot Step Test in persons with multiple sclerosis.

Background: The Six Spot Step Test (SSST) extends traditional walking outcomes in persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) by further challenging components of coordination and balance. Nonetheless, the test-retest agreement of the SSST has not been investigated.

Objective: To determine the within-day, day-to-day, and inter-rater agreement and reliability of the SSST in PwMS.

Reproducibility of tender point examination in chronic low back pain patients as measured by intrarater and inter-rater reliability and agreement: a validation study.

Objectives: To evaluate the reliability and agreement of digital tender point (TP) examination in chronic low back pain (LBP) patients.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Settings: Hospital-based validation study.