Genetics of phenological development and implications for seed yield in lentil.

Understanding phenology, its genetics and agronomic consequences, is critical for crop adaptation. Here we aim to (i) characterize lentil response to photoperiod with a focus on five loci: the lentil ELF3 orthologue Sn, two loci linked to clusters of lentil FT orthologues, and two loci without candidates in chromosomes 2 and 5 (Experiment 1: 36 lines, short and long days in a phytotron), and (ii) establish the phenology-yield relationship (Experiment 2: 25 lines, 11 field environments). A vintage perspective, where we quantify time trends in phenotype over three decades of breeding, links both experiments.

Volumetric Evaluation of 5 Root Canal Obturation Methods in TrueTooth 3-dimensional-Printed Tooth Replicas Using Nano-computed Tomography.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate the volumes of total obturation and voids in different obturation techniques using nano-computed tomographic imaging. The null hypothesis was that the obturation technique and the materials used have no effect on the total volume of obturation or the total volume of voids.

Methods: Fifty maxillary left central incisor 3-dimensional-printed replicas (TrueTooth; Dental Engineering Laboratories, Santa Barbara, CA) were instrumented and randomly assigned to 5 different obturation groups (n = 10): single cone with EndoSequence Gutta-Percha Points (Brasseler USA, Savannah, GA) and Ribbon Sealer (Dentsply Sirona, Tulsa, OK) (SC1), single cone with BC 150 Series Gutta-Percha Points (Brasseler USA) and EndoSequence BC Sealer (Brasseler USA) (SC2), continuous wave with EndoSequence Gutta-Percha Points and Ribbon Sealer (CW), GuttaCore carrier obturation (Dentsply Sirona) and Ribbon Sealer (GC), and cold lateral condensation with EndoSequence Gutta-Percha Points and Ribbon Sealer (CL).