Transcriptional pathways across colony biofilm models in the symbiont .

Beneficial microbial symbionts that are horizontally acquired by their animal hosts undergo a lifestyle transition from free-living in the environment to associating with host tissues. In the model symbiosis between the Hawaiian bobtail squid and its microbial symbiont , one mechanism used to make this transition during host colonization is the formation of biofilm-like aggregates in host mucosa. Previous work identified factors that are sufficient to induce biofilm formation, yet much remains unknown regarding the breadth of target genes induced by these factors.

Transcriptional pathways across colony biofilm models in the symbiont .

Beneficial microbial symbionts that are horizontally acquired by their animal hosts undergo a lifestyle transition from free-living in the environment to associated with host tissues. In the model symbiosis between the Hawaiian bobtail squid and its microbial symbiont one mechanism used to make this transition during host colonization is the formation of biofilm-like aggregates in host mucosa. Previous work identified factors that are sufficient to induce biofilm formation, yet much remains unknown regarding the breadth of target genes induced by these factors.

Gp4 is a nuclease required for morphogenesis of T4-like bacteriophages.

An essential step in the morphogenesis of tailed bacteriophages is the joining of heads and tails to form infectious virions. Our understanding of the maturation of complete virus particles remains incomplete. Through an unknown mechanism, phage T4 gene product 4 (gp4) plays an essential role in the head-tail joining step of T4-like phages.