The CCR6-CCL20 Axis Promotes Regulatory T-cell Glycolysis and Immunosuppression in Tumors.

Regulatory T cells (Treg) are important players in the tumor microenvironment. However, the mechanisms behind their immunosuppressive effects are poorly understood. We found that CCR6-CCL20 activity in tumor-infiltrating Tregs is associated with greater glycolytic activity and ablation of Ccr6 reduced glycolysis and lactic acid production while increasing compensatory glutamine metabolism.

Entraining Movement-Related Brain Oscillations to Suppress Tics in Tourette Syndrome.

Tourette syndrome (TS) is a neuropsychiatric disorder characterized by the occurrence of vocal and motor tics. Tics are involuntary, repetitive movements and vocalizations that occur in bouts, typically many times in a single day, and are often preceded by a strong urge-to-tic-referred to as a premonitory urge (PU). TS is associated with the following: dysfunction within cortical-striatal-thalamic-cortical (CSTC) brain circuits implicated in the selection of movements, impaired operation of GABA signaling within the striatum, and hyper-excitability of cortical sensorimotor regions that might contribute to the occurrence of tics.

Oral Pathobiont Activates Anti-Apoptotic Pathway, Promoting both Immune Suppression and Oncogenic Cell Proliferation.

Chronic periodontitis (CP) is a microbial dysbiotic disease linked to increased risk of oral squamous cell carcinomas (OSCCs). To address the underlying mechanisms, mouse and human cell infection models and human biopsy samples were employed. We show that the 'keystone' pathogen Porphyromonas gingivalis, disrupts immune surveillance by generating myeloid-derived dendritic suppressor cells (MDDSCs) from monocytes.

Role of nucleotide binding in septin-septin interactions and septin localization in Saccharomyces cerevisiae.

Septins are a conserved family of eukaryotic GTP-binding, filament-forming proteins. In Saccharomyces cerevisiae, five septins (Cdc3p, Cdc10p, Cdc11p, Cdc12p, and Shs1p) form a complex and colocalize to the incipient bud site and as a collar of filaments at the neck of budded cells. Septins serve as a scaffold to localize septin-associated proteins involved in diverse processes and as a barrier to diffusion of membrane-associated proteins.

Multiple benign strictures of the oesophagus in the paediatric age-group--modified technique of antegrade dilatation.

Accidental ingestion of strong acids and alkalines still remains the commonest cause of benign strictures of the oesophagus in our country, particularly in children from the poor socio-economic strata, who are left alone to fend for themselves. Once the stricture is well-formed, repeated antegrade dilatations are required in order to dilate the lumen gradually. The procedure is done with the utmost care and gentleness in order to avoid rupture of the cicatricial wall of the oesophagus.