C2-Selective Palladium-Catalyzed C-S Cross-Coupling of 2,4-Dihalopyrimidines.

Under most conditions, 2,4-dihalopyrimidines undergo substitution reactions at C4. Here we report that Pd(II) precatalysts supported by bulky -heterocyclic carbene ligands uniquely effect C2-selective cross-coupling of 2,4-dichloropyrimidine with thiols. The regioselectivity of this reaction stands in stark contrast to ∼1500 previously reported Pd-catalyzed cross-couplings that favor C4 in the absence of other substituents on the pyrimidine ring.

Primary Rhinoplasty for Unilateral Cleft Lip: A Long-Term Cohort Assessment of Aesthetic and Anthropometric Outcomes.

The decision to undertake rhinoplasty maneuvers during cleft lip repair remains controversial. Little data compare long-term outcomes with and without primary rhinoplasty (PR). This study compared nasolabial outcomes in cohorts with unilateral cleft lip (UCL) treated with and without PR at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia using standardized aesthetic and anthropometric assessments.

Long-Term Surgical Outcomes of Intermediate Cleft Rhinoplasty.

Background: The risk/benefit ratio of operating on the cleft nasal deformity in the period of mixed dentition remains debated. This study characterizes our 18-year experience with intermediate cleft rhinoplasties to add data and nuance to the discussion.

Methods: We performed a retrospective cohort study of patients who underwent intermediate cleft rhinoplasty from 2006 to 2023.

Decreased DNA density is a better indicator of a nuclear bleb than lamin B loss.

Nuclear blebs are herniations of the nucleus that occur in diseased nuclei that cause nuclear rupture leading to cellular dysfunction. Chromatin and lamins are two of the major structural components of the nucleus that maintain its shape and function, but their relative roles in nuclear blebbing remain elusive. To determine the composition of nuclear blebs, we compared the immunofluorescence intensity of DNA and lamin B in the main nucleus body to the nuclear bleb across cell types and perturbations.

Long-Term Surgical Outcomes of Primary Rhinoplasty.

Objective: To examine the impact of primary rhinoplasty on subsequent rhinoplasties for patients with cleft lip nasal deformity.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Setting: Tertiary care pediatric hospital.

Comparison of human milk bottle with infant/toddler test weights in the community setting.

Background: The accuracy of infant intake using test weights (TWs), the change in weight before and after an infant feeds, has only been validated in hospitalized premature infants. This study's primary aim was to identify how accurate parent infants/toddler (< 2 years old) TWs are at measuring infant intake.

Methods: Data were collected from 101 paired bottle and infant/toddler TWs with 31 participants.

Temporary mesenteric venous shunting for portal vein reconstruction: A novel technical adjunct.

Pancreatic resection not infrequently requires portal vein (PV) repair or replacement. PV reconstruction often requires bypass grafting or patch venoplasty, and these grafts and patches require time to thaw or harvest. Mesenteric ischemia and congestion with associated bowel edema may result from prolonged venous occlusion during thawing, harvesting, and reconstructing.

DNA density is a better indicator of a nuclear bleb than lamin B loss.

Nuclear blebs are herniations of the nucleus that occur in diseased nuclei that cause nuclear rupture leading to cellular dysfunction. Chromatin and lamins are two of the major structural components of the nucleus that maintain its shape and function, but their relative roles in nuclear blebbing remain elusive. Lamin B is reported to be lost in blebs by qualitative data while quantitative studies reveal a spectrum of lamin B levels in nuclear blebs dependent on perturbation and cell type.

Speech Outcomes and Rates of Secondary Speech Surgery from Childhood to Skeletal Maturity following Modified Furlow Palatoplasty.

Background: This study updates the authors' institutional experience with modified Furlow palatoplasty, evaluating speech outcomes and incidence of secondary speech surgery throughout development and at skeletal maturity.

Methods: Nonsyndromic patients undergoing primary modified Furlow palatoplasty between 1985 and 2005 with postoperative speech evaluations were reviewed retrospectively. Secondary speech surgery and Pittsburgh Weighted Speech Scale (PWSS) scores before secondary speech or orthognathic operations were assessed in the groups aged 5 to 7 years, 8 to 11 years, 12 to 14 years, and older than 15 years and analyzed by Veau cleft type.

How Does CLEFT-Q Change the Way We Practice? A Prospective Study Integrating Patient-Reported Outcomes.

Background: The CLEFT-Q is a validated instrument designed to elicit patient-reported outcomes among people affected by cleft lip and/or palate. However, it has not been reported how use of CLEFT-Q data alters routine cleft care. This study analyzed the impact of CLEFT-Q data integration on patient care and clinical decision-making.

A Retrospective and Prospective Cohort Study Comparing Pediatric Patients With Cleft Lip and Palate From the United States and Guatemala.

Orofacial clefts (OFC) remain among the most prevalent congenital abnormalities worldwide. In the United States in 2010 to 2014, 16.2 of 10,000 live births are born with OFC compared with 23.

Surgery for Velopharyngeal Insufficiency Following Cleft Palate Repair: An Audit of Contemporary Practice and Proposed Schema of Techniques and Variations.

Objective: Surgical treatment of velopharyngeal insufficiency (VPI) includes a wide array of procedures. The purpose of this study was to develop a classification for VPI procedures and to describe variations in how they are performed. We completed an in-depth review of the literature to develop a preliminary schema that encompassed existing VPI procedures.

Integration of the CLEFT-Q Patient-Reported Outcome Tool into a Multidisciplinary Cleft and Craniofacial Clinic: A Proof of Concept.

Implementation of patient-reported outcome (PRO) tools has increased internationally in a variety of clinical settings, with emerging evidence suggesting benefits for patient satisfaction, improved patient-provider communication, and management of chronic conditions. However, integrating PROs into clinical workflow remains a barrier to implementation, with common challenges including patient completion, provider review of results, and future accessibility of data. Cleft lip and/or palate presents with a variety of aesthetic, functional, and psychosocial sequelae optimally managed by a multidisciplinary team, and the CLEFT-Q is a validated 12-module PRO that captures patient perception in these domains.

Subclavian to carotid artery bypass for a case of ocular ischemic syndrome.

Background: Ocular Ischemic Syndrome (OIS) is a rare, vision threatening condition associated with severe carotid artery disease. There are few cases of OIS reported in the literature.

Methods: We present the case of a 54-year-old male with history of multiple previous carotid interventions including a right carotid stent, who presented with right-sided OIS.

Speech Outcomes Following Operative Management of Velopharyngeal Dysfunction (VPD) in Non-Syndromic Post-Palatoplasty Cleft Palate Patients.

Objective: Approximately 30% of patients with a history of repaired cleft palate (CP) go on to suffer from velopharyngeal dysfunction (VPD). This study discusses the operative management of VPD and postoperative speech outcomes in a cohort of CP patients.

Setting: An academic tertiary pediatric care center.

Updated clinical practice recommendations for managing children with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome.

This review aimed to update the clinical practice guidelines for managing children and adolescents with 22q11.2 deletion syndrome (22q11.2DS).

A Longitudinal Study of Improvement in Nasal Airway Obstruction after Secondary Cleft Rhinoplasty.

Background: Nasal airway obstruction is an increasingly recognized phenomenon in patients with cleft lip and/or palate and has the potential to significantly affect quality of life in this patient population. To date, the effect of secondary cleft rhinoplasty on cleft-related nasal airway obstruction has not been studied.

Methods: Patients undergoing secondary cleft rhinoplasty at the Children's Hospital of Philadelphia from 2015 to 2021 were identified.

Why Do Ethiopian Women Choose Irregular Migration to the Middle East for Domestic Work?

Background: Low-wage labour migration is an increasing determinant of global health, associated with risks of exploitation, abuse, and unsafe conditions. Despite efforts to prevent irregular migration and initiatives to warn individuals of the risks of trafficking, many migrants still opt for irregular channels, particularly women seeking jobs as domestic workers. Ethiopia is one of the largest source countries for female migrants entering the domestic labour market in the Middle East.

Dual-Innervated Free Gracilis Muscle Transfer for Facial Reanimation in Children.

Background: Facial palsy may have deleterious effects for pediatric patients. The most common reconstruction is 2-stage free gracilis muscle transfer (FGMT) after cross-face nerve graft (CFNG). This requires a prolonged period from time of surgery to smile.

Highly diastereo- and branched-selective rearrangement of substituted -alloc--allyl ynamides.

An auto-tandem catalytic, branched-selective rearrangement of substituted -alloc--allyl ynamides was developed. This reaction provides ready access to complex quaternary nitrile products with vinylogous stereocentres in excellent diastereoselectivity, including contiguous all-carbon quaternary centres. The stereochemical outcome is determined a Pd(0) catalysed dipolar ketenimine aza-Claisen rearrangement and computational studies exemplify the key role ligand geometry plays.