Differentiating Choroidal Melanomas and Nevi Using a Self-Supervised Deep Learning Model Applied to Clinical Fundoscopy Images.

Purpose: Testing the validity of a self-supervised deep learning (DL) model, RETFound, for use on posterior uveal (choroidal) melanoma (UM) and nevus differentiation.

Design: Case-control study.

Subjects: Ultrawidefield fundoscopy images, both color and autofluorescence, were used for this study, obtained from 4255 patients seen at the Liverpool Ocular Oncology Center between 1995 and 2020.

Developing a patient toolkit for opioid use and management through co-creation.

Canada has been experiencing an opioid use crisis, and urgent efforts are being made to stem the tide. With funding support from Health Canada, the Association of Faculties of Medicine of Canada (AFMC) recently developed a series of asynchronous online bilingual modules to educate key players across the medical education spectrum on chronic pain and opioid use. The curriculum for the modules which informed the development of the Patient-Physician Partnership Toolkit was co-created through an authentic collaboration between healthcare professionals (HCPs), and patient subject matter experts who were patients with lived experience.

Making Deception Fun: Teaching Autistic Individuals How to Play Friendly Tricks.

Perspective taking is a critical repertoire for navigating social relationships and consists of a variety of complex verbal skills, including socially adaptive forms of deception. Detecting and being able to use socially adaptive deception likely has many practical uses, including defending oneself against bullying, telling white lies to avoid hurting others' feelings, keeping secrets and bluffing during games, and playing friendly tricks on others. Previous research has documented that some Autistic children have challenges identifying deception and playfully deceiving others (Reinecke et al.

Shift work schedules alter immune cell regulation and accelerate cognitive impairment during aging.

Background: Disturbances of the sleep-wake cycle and other circadian rhythms typically precede the age-related deficits in learning and memory, suggesting that these alterations in circadian timekeeping may contribute to the progressive cognitive decline during aging. The present study examined the role of immune cell activation and inflammation in the link between circadian rhythm dysregulation and cognitive impairment in aging.

Methods: C57Bl/6J mice were exposed to shifted light-dark (LD) cycles (12 h advance/5d) during early adulthood (from ≈ 4-6mo) or continuously to a "fixed" LD12:12 schedule.

A Qualitative Exploration of the Process and Experience of Change in Moving on in My Recovery: An Acceptance and Commitment Therapy Based Recovery Group for Substance Use Disorder.

Moving on in my recovery (MOIMR) is a new, acceptance and commitment therapy (ACT) based group intervention to support recovery from substance use disorder. It was co-developed by, and is co-facilitated with, people in recovery. This study used a grounded theory model to understand the process of change experienced by individuals who completed the group programme.

Fxr1 Deletion from Cortical Parvalbumin Interneurons Modifies Their Excitatory Synaptic Responses.

Fragile X autosomal homolog 1 (FXR1), a member of the fragile X messenger riboprotein 1 family, has been linked to psychiatric disorders including autism and schizophrenia. Parvalbumin (PV) interneurons play critical roles in cortical processing and have been implicated in FXR1-linked mental illnesses. Targeted deletion of FXR1 from PV interneurons in mice has been shown to alter cortical excitability and elicit schizophrenia-like behavior.

Corrigendum: Inhibition of coronavirus HCoV-OC43 by targeting the eIF4F complex.

[This corrects the article DOI: 10.3389/fphar.2022.

Response of the gut microbiome and metabolome to dietary fiber in healthy dogs.

Unlabelled: Dietary fiber confers multiple health benefits originating from the expansion of beneficial gut microbial activity. However, very few studies have established the metabolic consequences of interactions among specific fibers, microbiome composition, and function in either human or representative animal models. In a study design reflective of realistic population dietary variation, fecal metagenomic and metabolomic profiles were analyzed from healthy dogs fed 12 test foods containing different fiber sources and quantities (5-13% as-fed basis).

Design of allosteric modulators that change GPCR G protein subtype selectivity.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs), the largest family of drug targets, can signal through 16 subtypes of Gα proteins. Biased compounds that selectively activate therapy-relevant pathways promise to be safer, more effective medications. The determinants of bias are poorly understood, however, and rationally-designed, G protein-subtype-selective compounds are lacking.

Prevalence of cognitive impairment and metabolic syndrome among older adults in calabar metropolis and the associated risk factors.

Background: The number of people reaching old age is rising, bringing an increase in age-related diseases like cardiovascular conditions and cognitive dysfunction. Cognitive impairment (CI) impacts various brain functions, affecting daily activities and quality of life. Metabolic syndrome (MetS), a cluster of cardiovascular risk factors, has been implicated in CI.

Patients' perspectives regarding health professionals contacting their relatives about genetic risk directly (with patient consent).

Genetic testing of blood relatives of individuals at high risk of dominant conditions has significant preventive health benefits. However, cascade testing uptake is <50%. Research shows increased testing uptake when health professionals (HPs) contact at-risk relatives directly, with patient consent.

Detection of Mismatch Repair Deficiency in Endometrial Cancer: Assessment of IHC, Fragment Length Analysis, and Amplicon Sequencing Based MSI Testing.

Mismatch repair (MMR) deficiency can be indicative of Lynch syndrome (LS) and guide treatment with immune checkpoint inhibitors. Colorectal cancers (CRCs) and endometrial cancers (ECs) are routinely screened to identify LS, primarily using immunohistochemistry (IHC) or microsatellite instability (MSI) testing, but concordance between these methods is variable in ECs. Here, we investigate this variability in 361 ECs from the Ohio OCCPI/OPTEC ( = 196) and Manchester PETALS ( = 165) trials, where concordance between assays differed significantly.

Comparative study of a microdosimetric biological weighting function for RBEmodeling in particle therapy with a solid state SOI microdosimeter.

the recently developed V79-RBEbiological weighting function (BWF) model is a simple and robust tool for a fast relative biological effectiveness (RBE) assessment for comparing different exposure conditions in particle therapy. In this study, the RBEderived by this model (through the particle and heavy ion transport code system (PHITS) simulatedspectra) is compared with values of RBEusing experimentally derivedspectra from a silicon-on-insulator (SOI) microdosimeter.experimentally measuredspectra are used to calculate an RBEvalue utilizing the V79-RBEBWF model as well as the modified microdosimetric kinetic model (MKM) to produce an RBE-vs-trend for a wide range of ions.

Extensive Tracking of Nomadic Waterbird Movements Reveals an Inland Flyway.

Waterbirds are highly mobile and have the ability to respond to environmental conditions opportunistically at multiple scales. Mobility is particularly crucial for aggregate-nesting species dependent on breeding habitat in arid and semi-arid wetlands, which can be ephemeral and unpredictable. We aimed to address knowledge gaps about movement routes for aggregate-nesting nomadic waterbird species by tracking them in numbers sufficient to make robust assessment of their movement patterns.

Peroxiredoxin 2 mediates redox-stimulated adaptations to oxidative phosphorylation induced by contractile activity in human skeletal muscle myotubes.

Skeletal muscle generates superoxide during contractions, which is converted to hydrogen peroxide (HO). HO has been proposed to activate signalling pathways and transcription factors that regulate adaptive responses to exercise, but the concentration required to oxidize and activate key redox-sensitive signalling proteins in vitro is much higher than the typical intracellular levels seen in muscle after exercise. We hypothesized that 2-Cys-peroxiredoxins (PRDX), which rapidly oxidize in the presence of physiological concentrations of HO, serve as intermediary signalling molecules and play a crucial role in activating adaptive pathways following muscle contractions.

Safety Net Spending on Children and the Sources of Household Income Across U.S. States, 1997-2016.

High levels of poverty and economic precarity in the United States relative to other countries have led to academic and policy debates about whether welfare state investments accomplish what they are intended to. Although social safety net spending clearly has antipoverty effects at the national level, there is scant evidence on the "resource pathway" presumed to underlie the effects of the local welfare state on families with children. Which types of public investments have especially contributed to the total resources of households with children? Understanding this question at the state level is important, given dramatic variation in states' safety net spending on children and the rise of federalism, which increases state autonomy in designing and administering social programs.

Sickle Trait and Alpha Thalassemia Increase NOS-Dependent Vasodilation of Human Arteries Through Disruption of Endothelial Hemoglobin-eNOS Interactions.

Background: Severe malaria is associated with impaired nitric oxide (NO) synthase (NOS)-dependent vasodilation, and reversal of this deficit improves survival in murine models. Malaria might have selected for genetic polymorphisms that increase endothelial NO signaling and now contribute to heterogeneity in vascular function among humans. One protein potentially selected for is alpha globin, which, in mouse models, interacts with endothelial NOS (eNOS) to negatively regulate NO signaling.

Integrating Stakeholder Priorities for the Optimization of Care of the Preterm Infant in a Safety-Net NICU.

Objective:  This study aimed to engage clinical and community stakeholders to create a prioritization matrix of interventions to reduce neonatal brain injury and improve neurodevelopmental outcomes.

Study Design:  We collaborated with our community partner to establish a Lived Experience Advisory Group (LEAG). Faculty performed a literature review to identify neonatal neuroprotective interventions; additional priorities from the LEAG were also included.

[Retrospective study of the effectiveness of human tyrosinase vaccination in eight horses].

Dermal melanoma is a common neoplastic disease in horses, which occurs particularly in gray horses. There are various local and systemic therapeutic approaches to treat this skin tumor. Vaccination with human tyrosinase, ONCEPT ® vaccine, is a newer type of systemic melanoma therapy.

Clinician Experiences With Integrative Group Medical Visits for Chronic Pain.

Background: The well-being of healthcare teams is an important consideration when seeking to improve patient experience and quality of care. Prior studies have found that changes to working conditions are most effective in improving clinician well-being. Integrative Group Medical Visits (IGMVs) modify working conditions in ways that have potential to improve clinician experience.

Variability of functional and biodiversity responses to perturbations is predictable and informative.

Perturbations such as climate change, invasive species and pollution, impact the functioning and diversity of ecosystems. However diversity has many meanings, and ecosystems provide a plethora of functions. Thus, on top of the various perturbations that global change represents, there are also many ways to measure a perturbation's ecological impact.