Glial tumors in brodmann area 6: spread pattern and relationships to motor areas.

The posterior frontal lobe of the brain houses Brodmann area 4, which is the primary motor cortex, and Brodmann area 6, which consists of the supplementary motor area on the medial portion of the hemisphere and the premotor cortex on the lateral portion. In this area, safe resection is dependent on accurate localization of the motor cortex and the central sulcus, which can usually be achieved by using thin-section imaging and confirmed by using other techniques. The most reliable anatomic landmarks are the "hand knob" area and the marginal ramus of the cingulate sulcus.

CT findings in temporal bone osteoradionecrosis.

Purpose: The goal of this study was to describe computed tomographic findings in patients with clinically proven temporal bone (TB) osteoradionecrosis (ORN) (TB-ORN).

Materials And Methods: Computed tomographic scans of 20 patients were retrospectively evaluated for bony and soft tissue abnormalities. Clinical severity was graded based on level of therapy administered: mild (observation), moderate (antibiotics/hyperbaric oxygen), or severe (surgery).

Real-time atlas-based stereotactic neuronavigation.

Background: Surgery for tumors in eloquent brain faces immense challenges when attempting to maximize resection and avoid neurological deficits.

Objective: In order to give the surgeon real-time atlas-based anatomic information linked to the patient's anatomy, we developed a software-based interface between deformable anatomic templates (DATs) and an intraoperative navigation system.

Methods: Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), diffusion tensor imaging, and/or functional MRI were performed on 3 patients preoperatively for the purposes of tumor resection by the use of neuronavigation.

Superimposed infection in mandibular osteoradionecrosis: diagnosis and outcomes.

Background: Radiation therapy can result in osteoradionecrosis (ORN) and mucosal ulceration predisposing to infection.

Methods: Fourteen patients presenting with infectious sequelae related to mandibular ORN were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: In most patients, infection followed diagnosis of ORN; but in 4 patients, ORN was not diagnosed until after the time of infection and imaging.

Deformable anatomic templates embed knowledge into brain images: part 2. Validation using functional magnetic resonance imaging of the motor hand.

Objective: This study evaluated the concordance between the Deformable Anatomic Template (DAT)-identified origin of motor hand fibers and localization of the motor cortex of the hand by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI).

Methods: Preoperative fMRI during hand motor tasks was performed on 36 hemispheres in 26 patients with gliomas in or near eloquent areas. Reformatted volume-rendered surface images were labeled with the DAT's hand motor fibers and fMRI data.

Multidetector CT evaluation of active extravasation in blunt abdominal and pelvic trauma patients.

Timely localization of a bleeding source can improve the efficacy of trauma management, and improvements in the technology of computed tomography (CT) have expedited the work-up of the traumatized patient. The classic pattern of active extravasation (ie, administered contrast agent that has escaped from injured arteries, veins, or urinary tract) at dual phase CT is a jet or focal area of hyperattenuation within a hematoma that fades into an enlarged, enhanced hematoma on delayed images. This finding indicates significant bleeding and must be quickly communicated to the clinician, since potentially lifesaving surgical or endovascular repair may be necessary.