Gynecologic issues in geriatric women.

The number of women over the age of 65 is projected to almost double in the next 20 years, and clinicians need to be comfortable treating conditions common to this cohort. This review covers several common gynecologic conditions seen in older women, including atrophic vaginitis, lichen sclerosis, pelvic floor disorders, and postmenopausal bleeding. We conclude with evidence-based screening recommendations for gynecologic cancers in older women and tips on doing a pelvic examination.

Culturally specific maternity care in Wisconsin.

There are significant health disparities in maternity care in the United States. One way to decrease these disparities may be to improve prenatal care among underserved minority women. This article reviews cultural and ethnic issues that may impact maternity care within 5 different groups of women commonly seen by maternity care providers in Wisconsin: African American, Latina, Hmong, Amish, and immigrant women.

Obesity and women's health: an evidence-based review.

Obesity negatively impacts the health of women in many ways. Being overweight or obese increases the relative risk of diabetes and coronary artery disease in women. Women who are obese have a higher risk of low back pain and knee osteoarthritis.

Vitamin D: an evidence-based review.

Vitamin D is a fat-soluble vitamin that plays an important role in bone metabolism and seems to have some anti-inflammatory and immune-modulating properties. In addition, recent epidemiologic studies have observed relationships between low vitamin D levels and multiple disease states. Low vitamin D levels are associated with increased overall and cardiovascular mortality, cancer incidence and mortality, and autoimmune diseases such as multiple sclerosis.