Consensus Among International Facial Therapy Experts for the Management of Adults with Unilateral Facial Palsy: A Two-Stage Nominal Group and Delphi Study.

Nonsurgical rehabilitation of unilateral peripheral facial palsy (FP) varies globally with controversy regarding best practice. To develop facial therapist consensus regarding what should be included or excluded in rehabilitation of adults with FP of any etiology. Three clinical presentations: flaccid, paretic and synkinetic, were separately considered.

Chemodenervation Algorithm: Functional and Aesthetic Considerations for Facial Harmony in Patients with Post-Facial Paralysis Synkinesis.

Management of post-facial paralysis synkinesis has evolved for the past decade with diversification of neuromuscular retraining, chemodenervation, and advanced surgical reanimation techniques. Chemodenervation with botulinum toxin-A is a commonly used treatment modality for synkinesis patients. Treatment has shifted from solely weakening the unaffected contralateral facial musculature for rote symmetry to selective reduction of undesired or overactive synkinetic muscles, allowing for a more organized motion of the recovered musculature.