Intraoperative Lymph Node Assessment (Touch Preparation Only) for Metastatic Breast Carcinoma in Neoadjuvant and Non-neoadjuvant Settings.

Context.—: Touch preparation (TP) alone is discouraged for intraoperative lymph node (LN) assessment in the neoadjuvant setting (NAS) owing to overall low sensitivity in detecting metastatic breast cancer.

Objective.

Fertility, mortality, migration, and population scenarios for 195 countries and territories from 2017 to 2100: a forecasting analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study.

Background: Understanding potential patterns in future population levels is crucial for anticipating and planning for changing age structures, resource and health-care needs, and environmental and economic landscapes. Future fertility patterns are a key input to estimation of future population size, but they are surrounded by substantial uncertainty and diverging methodologies of estimation and forecasting, leading to important differences in global population projections. Changing population size and age structure might have profound economic, social, and geopolitical impacts in many countries.

US Health Care Spending by Payer and Health Condition, 1996-2016.

Importance: US health care spending has continued to increase and now accounts for 18% of the US economy, although little is known about how spending on each health condition varies by payer, and how these amounts have changed over time.

Objective: To estimate US spending on health care according to 3 types of payers (public insurance [including Medicare, Medicaid, and other government programs], private insurance, or out-of-pocket payments) and by health condition, age group, sex, and type of care for 1996 through 2016.

Design And Setting: Government budgets, insurance claims, facility records, household surveys, and official US records from 1996 through 2016 were collected to estimate spending for 154 health conditions.

On the road to universal health care in Indonesia, 1990-2016: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2016.

Background: As Indonesia moves to provide health coverage for all citizens, understanding patterns of morbidity and mortality is important to allocate resources and address inequality. The Global Burden of Disease 2016 study (GBD 2016) estimates sources of early death and disability, which can inform policies to improve health care.

Methods: We used GBD 2016 results for cause-specific deaths, years of life lost, years lived with disability, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), life expectancy at birth, healthy life expectancy, and risk factors for 333 causes in Indonesia and in seven comparator countries.

Health Care Spending on Diabetes in the U.S., 1996-2013.

Objective: Health care spending on diabetes in the U.S. has increased dramatically over the past several decades.

Global Analysis of Predicted G Protein-Coupled Receptor Genes in the Filamentous Fungus, Neurospora crassa.

G protein-coupled receptors (GPCRs) regulate facets of growth, development, and environmental sensing in eukaryotes, including filamentous fungi. The largest predicted GPCR class in these organisms is the Pth11-related, with members similar to a protein required for disease in the plant pathogen Magnaporthe oryzae. However, the Pth11-related class has not been functionally studied in any filamentous fungal species.

Vaginal myofibroblastoma with prostatic glands: is there an association with tamoxifen use? A case report.

Background: Both ectopic prostate tissue in the female genital tract and vaginal myofibroblastoma have rarely been reported in the literature. Tamoxifen use has been associated with the development of vaginal myofibroblastoma.

Case: A 76-year-old, multiparous woman who had taken tamoxifen for breast cancer presented with postmenopausal bleeding and a vaginal mass.

Diagnostic utility of p16 immunocytochemistry for Trichomonas in urine cytology.

We present a case in which p16 immunocytochemistry helped establish the diagnosis of Trichomonas in urine from a male patient. Based on this finding, we recommend p16 immunocytochemistry as a diagnostic tool for unexpected patients or specimen types in which potential trichomonads are identified following routine cytologic evaluation.

Distinctive gene expression profiles by cDNA microarrays in endometrioid and serous carcinomas of the endometrium.

Endometrial carcinomas are classified by their morphology into two major subtypes. Endometrioid carcinomas (type I) are generally estrogen dependent, well-differentiated, superficially invasive, and have a good outcome. Serous carcinomas (type II) are hormone independent, frequently deeply invasive and widely metastatic, and have a poor prognosis.

Vimentin and leukocyte common antigen-negative molding cells in pleural effusions of patients with small cell lung carcinoma.

Objective: To determine whether the presence of vimentin and leukocyte common antigen (LCA)-negative molding cells (VLNMC) could help in identifying rare small cell lung carcinoma (SCLC) cells.

Study Design: Thirty-four cell blocks of pleural effusions (PEs) from 26 patients with confirmed SCLC were stained immunohistochemically with vimentin and LCA antibodies and compared with hematoxylin and eosin-stained preparations.

Results: VLNMC were present in 22/22 PEs originally diagnosed as positive or atypical/suspicious for SCLC.

Expression of COX-2, Ki-67, cyclin D1, and P21 in endometrial endometrioid carcinomas.

COX-2, the isoform of cyclooxygenase inducible by cytokines, mitogens, and growth factors, appears to play an important role in inflammation and carcinogenesis. In the colon, COX-2 overexpression results in cell cycle alterations, and NSAIDs have proven effective in cancer chemoprevention. HNPCC (hereditary nonpolyposis colon cancer) is a clinically defined cancer susceptibility syndrome in which women are also at significantly increased risk for the development of endometrial carcinoma.