Thin liquid films stabilized by plant proteins: Implications for foam stability.

Hypothesis: Plant-based proteins offer a sustainable solution for stabilizing multiphase food materials like edible foams and emulsions. However, challenges in understanding and engineering plant protein-stabilized interfaces persist, mostly because of the commonly poorer functionality and complex composition of the respective protein isolates. We hypothesize that part of the limited understanding is related to the lack of experimental data on the length-scale of the thin liquid film that separates two neighboring bubbles.

Long-term tracking of haematopoietic clonal dynamics and mutations in non-human primate undergoing transplantation of lentivirally barcoded haematopoietic stem and progenitor cells.

Haematopoietic stem and progenitor cell (HSPC) autologous gene therapies are promising treatment for a variety of blood disorders. Investigation of the long-term HSPC clonal dynamics and other measures of safety and durability following lentiviral-mediated gene therapies in predictive models are crucial for assessing risks and benefits in order to inform decisions regarding wider utilization. We established an autologous lentivirally barcoded HSPC transplantation model in rhesus macaque (RM), a model offering insights into haematopoiesis and gene therapies with direct relevance to human.

The role of oleosins and phosphatidylcholines on the membrane mechanics of oleosomes.

Hypothesis: Oilseeds use triacylglycerides as main energy source, and pack them into highly stable droplets (oleosomes) to facilitate the triacylglycerides' long-term storage in the aqueous cytosol. To prevent the coalescence of oleosomes, they are stabilized by a phospholipid monolayer and unique surfactant-shaped proteins, called oleosins. In this study, we use state-of-the-art interfacial techniques to reveal the function of each component at the oleosome interface.

Protein-phenolic interactions and reactions: Discrepancies, challenges, and opportunities.

Although noncovalent interactions and covalent reactions between phenolic compounds and proteins have been investigated across diverse scientific disciplines, a comprehensive understanding and identification of their products remain elusive. This review will initially outline the chemical framework and, subsequently, delve into unresolved or debated chemical and functional food-related implications, as well as forthcoming challenges in this topic. The primary objective is to elucidate the multiple aspects of protein-phenolic interactions and reactions, along with the underlying overwhelming dynamics and possibilities of follow-up reactions and potential crosslinking between proteins and phenolic compounds.

Advancing Superconductivity with Interface Engineering.

The development of superconducting materials has attracted significant attention not only for their improved performance, such as high transition temperature (T), but also for the exploration of their underlying physical mechanisms. Recently, considerable efforts have been focused on interfaces of materials, a distinct category capable of inducing superconductivity at non-superconducting material interfaces or augmenting the T at the interface between a superconducting material and a non-superconducting material. Here, two distinct types of interfaces along with their unique characteristics are reviewed: interfacial superconductivity and interface-enhanced superconductivity, with a focus on the crucial factors and potential mechanisms responsible for enhancing superconducting performance.

Application of physics encoded neural networks to improve predictability of properties of complex multi-scale systems.

Predicting physical properties of complex multi-scale systems is a common challenge and demands analysis of various temporal and spatial scales. However, physics alone is often not sufficient due to lack of knowledge on certain details of the system. With sufficient data, however, machine learning techniques may aid.

Development of a risk prediction model for radiation dermatitis following proton radiotherapy in head and neck cancer using ensemble machine learning.

Purpose: This study aims to develop an ensemble machine learning-based (EML-based) risk prediction model for radiation dermatitis (RD) in patients with head and neck cancer undergoing proton radiotherapy, with the goal of achieving superior predictive performance compared to traditional models.

Materials And Methods: Data from 57 head and neck cancer patients treated with intensity-modulated proton therapy at Kaohsiung Chang Gung Memorial Hospital were analyzed. The study incorporated 11 clinical and 9 dosimetric parameters.

Elastic Properties of Low-Dimensional Single-Crystalline Dielectric Oxides through Controlled Large-Area Wrinkle Generation.

Freestanding single-crystalline SrTiO membranes, as high-κ dielectrics, hold significant promise as the gate dielectric in two-dimensional (2D) flexible electronics. Nevertheless, the mechanical properties of the SrTiO membranes, such as elasticity, remain a critical piece of the puzzle to adequately address the viability of their applications in flexible devices. Here, we report statistical analysis on plane-strain effective Young's modulus of large-area SrTiO membranes (5 × 5 mm) over a series of thicknesses (from 6.

Transcutaneous Ablation of Lung Tissue in a Porcine Model Using Magnetic-Resonance-Guided Focused Ultrasound (MRgFUS).

Focused ultrasound (FUS) is a minimally invasive treatment that utilizes high-energy ultrasound waves to thermally ablate tissue. Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) guidance may be combined with FUS (MRgFUS) to increase its accuracy and has been proposed for lung tumor ablation/debulking. However, the lungs are predominantly filled with air, which attenuates the strength of the FUS beam.

Using meta-analysis and CNN-NLP to review and classify the medical literature for normal tissue complication probability in head and neck cancer.

Purpose: The study aims to enhance the efficiency and accuracy of literature reviews on normal tissue complication probability (NTCP) in head and neck cancer patients using radiation therapy. It employs meta-analysis (MA) and natural language processing (NLP).

Material And Methods: The study consists of two parts.

Two-tier subclassification of the Bethesda category III (atypia of undetermined significance/follicular lesion of undetermined significance) in thyroid cytology.

Background: The Bethesda category III, AUS/FLUS, comprises a heterogeneous group of thyroid lesions with variable risk of malignancy (ROM). This study evaluates ROM in two subgroups of this category based on nuclear atypia and architectural atypia.

Methods: Cases in Bethesda category III were reported based on nuclear atypia (AUS) and architectural atypia (FLUS).

The role of membrane components on the oleosome lubrication properties.

Hypothesis: Oleosomes are natural oil droplets with a unique phospholipid/protein membrane, abundant in plant seeds, from which they can be extracted and used in emulsion-based materials, such as foods, cosmetics and pharmaceutics. The lubrication properties of such materials are essential, on one hand, due to the importance of the in-mouth creaminess for the consumed products or the importance of spreading the topical creams. Therefore, here, we will evaluate the lubrication properties of oleosomes, and how these properties are affected by the components at the oleosome membrane.

Heterointerface manipulation in the architecture of Co-MoC@NC boosts water electrolysis.

Heterostructures with tunable electronic properties have shown great potential in water electrolysis for the replacement of current benchmark precious metals. However, constructing heterostructures with sufficient interfaces to strengthen the synergistic effect of multiple species still remains a challenge due to phase separation. Herein, an efficient electrocatalyst composed of a nanosized cobalt/MoC heterostructure anchored on N-doped carbon (Co-MoC@NC) was achieved by in situ topotactic phase transformation.

Using machine learning algorithm to analyse the hypothyroidism complications caused by radiotherapy in patients with head and neck cancer.

Machine learning algorithms were used to analyze the odds and predictors of complications of thyroid damage after radiation therapy in patients with head and neck cancer. This study used decision tree (DT), random forest (RF), and support vector machine (SVM) algorithms to evaluate predictors for the data of 137 head and neck cancer patients. Candidate factors included gender, age, thyroid volume, minimum dose, average dose, maximum dose, number of treatments, and relative volume of the organ receiving X dose (X: 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60 Gy).

Hyperpolarization-activated cyclic nucleotide-gated cation channel 3 promotes HCC development in a female-biased manner.

Sex differences in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) development are regulated by sex and non-sex chromosomes, sex hormones, and environmental factors. We previously reported that Ncoa5 mice develop HCC in a male-biased manner. Here we show that NCOA5 expression is reduced in male patient HCCs while the expression of an NCOA5-interacting tumor suppressor, TIP30, is lower in female HCCs.

Mapping protein-exopolysaccharide binding interaction in biofilms by live cell proximity labeling.

Bacterial biofilms consist of cells encased in an extracellular polymeric substance (EPS) composed of exopolysaccharides, extracellular DNA, and proteins that are critical for cell-cell adhesion and protect the cells from environmental stress, antibiotic treatments, and the host immune response. Degrading EPS components or blocking their production have emerged as promising strategies for prevention or dispersal of bacterial biofilms, but we still have little information about the specific biomolecular interactions that occur between cells and EPS components and how those interactions contribute to biofilm production. is a leading cause of nosocomial infections as a result of producing biofilms that use the exopolysaccharide poly-(1→6)-β--acetylglucosamine (PNAG) as a major structural component.

Dentinal Tubule Penetrability and Bond Strength of Two Novel Calcium Silicate-Based Root Canal Sealers.

Background: Once the chemo-mechanical preparation of root canals is finished, achieving a complete seal of the root canal system becomes crucial in determining the long-term success of endodontic treatment. The important goals of root canal obturation are to minimize leakage and achieve an adequate seal. Thus, a material that possesses satisfactory mechanical characteristics, is biocompatible, and has the ability to penetrate the dentine tubules adequately is needed.

Peripheral apolipoprotein E proteins and their binding to LRP1 antagonize Alzheimer's disease pathogenesis in the brain during peripheral chronic inflammation.

C-reactive protein (CRP) impacts apolipoprotein E4 (ApoE4) allele to increase Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. However, it is unclear how the ApoE protein and its binding to LRP1 are involved. We found that ApoE2 carriers had the highest but ApoE4 carriers had the lowest concentrations of blood ApoE in both humans and mice; blood ApoE concentration was negatively associated with AD risk.

Intranasal multivalent adenoviral-vectored vaccine protects against replicating and dormant M.tb in conventional and humanized mice.

Viral-vectored vaccines are highly amenable for respiratory mucosal delivery as a means of inducing much-needed mucosal immunity at the point of pathogen entry. Unfortunately, current monovalent viral-vectored tuberculosis (TB) vaccine candidates have failed to demonstrate satisfactory clinical protective efficacy. As such, there is a need to develop next-generation viral-vectored TB vaccine strategies which incorporate both vaccine antigen design and delivery route.